Cleft Palate Analysis

The cleft needs to be repaired (through surgical interventions like palatoplasty) because it’s extremely important for feeding and swallowing, as well as speech. Similar to sleep, without sufficient nutrition, an individual will not be able to fully develop. A lack of sufficient nutrition will affect an individual’s cognitive ability, as well as their physical health. This is why surgical intervention is such a critical component of the process and one of the steps that is completed earlier on in the process. In addition to cleft palates, velopharyngeal insufficiency is a common symptom for about forty percent of individuals with TCS, and is often related to a cleft palate. Velopharyngeal insufficiency can be related to issues with breathing and feeding. It is also related to articulation problems and hypernasality. The articulation issues are likely due to the lack of ability to build pressure and without pressure consonants are altered (Goorhuis-Brouwer & Priester, 2008,

IDEA definition applies to cleft palate due to this disorder happens during development. Children with clef palate can have speech and language impairment which the student may need services to help with language development.

This occurs due to diminished mental capacity, structural abnormalities such as unrepaired cleft palates, or lack of commitment on the part of the patient. An additional challenge sometimes faced by a school based SLP is dealing with difficult parents and rigid and sometimes unrealistic district expectations. However, despite the challenges faced by speech pathologists, the field of study continues to grow with an expectation of a 21% increase by 2024 (“Speech-Language Pathologists”). While jobs as an SLP are readily available nationwide in a variety of different settings, the key areas of growth in the field are in the states of Illinois, North Carolina, Texas, New York, and Ohio (“Best”). The growth of the field is due largely in part to people’s increased awareness of the benefits of treatment by a speech pathologist. SLPs provide treatments which allow individuals to function better in daily life. For example, SLPs in the education field provide techniques and strategies to help students function better both in the classroom and socially. SLPs in the medical field provide support in regaining the ability to accomplish daily tasks, safely ingest solid foods, and interact socially with family and

As stated before FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation. There may be mild to severe growth retardation including decreased birthweight and head circumference in addition to continued growth retardation for height, weight and head circumference. Children with FAS fail to ever catch up in growth during the preschool years and have a tendency to remain thin even though there is adequate nutrition. These children often have anomalies and deformed facial features such as short palpebral fissures, flat midface, thin upper lip, indistinct philtrum, epicanthal folds, low nasal bridge, minor ear anomalies, micrognathia, strabismus, ptosis of the upper eyelid, narrow receding forehead, and a short upturned nose (Hess and Kenner 2). In broader terms the face of a FAS child includes a small head; a small maxilla which is the upper jaw; short, upturned nose; smooth philtrum which is a groove in the upper lip; smooth and thin upper lip; and small slightly narrow eyes with noticeable epicanthal folds (http://www.adam.com/ency/article/0009111.sym.htm). In the American Journal of Public Health and article called Tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy and risk of oral clefts, described a study conducted to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy and oral clefts (Lorente, Cordier, Goujard and Ayme 1). First of all during the 6th through

Critical Congenital Heart Defects are abnormalities of the heart structure that are present at birth. These occur because of incomplete or abnormal development of the fetus’ heart. These defects can cause severe mortality within the newborn stage (Goldstein, 2013, p.1). Several are known to be linked to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome and others are thought to be linked to environmental factors that women can be exposed to while pregnant. The cause of most CCHD’s is unknown.

The teacher or the parent might not even know that a student has a speech disorder. Parents and teachers believe that all speech disorders have some connection with the mouth, but in some cases speech disorders are caused by other parts of the body. Speech impairments could be caused just by simple hearing loss. Even if it is just hearing loss it could still affect the child.

There are many different language delays and disorders found in the pediatric population. Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is one of the most common of these disorders. Dr. Libby Kumin defines CAS as “a motor speech disorder where children have difficulty planning, coordinating, producing and sequencing speech sounds” (Kumin, n.d.). Apraxia does not occur because of weakness or paralysis of facial and oral muscles. It occurs when a child’s brain cannot properly plan the movement of body parts necessary for normal speech production (“Childhood Apraxia,” 2011). Though CAS is the most common name for this specific disorder, it is also referred to as a variety of other names. Some of these names include: dyspraxia, developmental

Cleft palate is a congenital birth defect. Treatment of cleft palate requires the interdisciplinary efforts of a Cleft Palate/Craniofacial team, which includes speech-language pathologists and dentists. Approximately fifty percent of individuals who suffer from cleft palate have been shown to have disorders in speech and/or language, with the potential to benefit from treatment (LeDuc, 2008).

Wide cleft palate is the most severe type of congenital cleft palate disease and palatal fistula remains a significant problem for clinicians regardless of the type of repair. Various local flaps have been used to achieve primary closure in wide cases of cleft palate(1-3). Even though the surgeon performs complete closure, secondary oronasal fistula and severe scar contracture and subsequent growth disturbance can develop because of the large area of raw bone surfaces. How to decrease complications and improve surgical results is the main task that the cleft surgeon faces.

Cleft palates are birth defects. It is a malformation at the roof of the mouth or a split in the top lip. The defect begins at the embryonic stages of an infant’s life (Masih, Chacko, Thomas A. , Singh, Thomas R. , & Abraham 2014). There are many theories of what factors into a child developing a cleft palate. Some of those risks are: maternal alcohol consumption, drug abuse, smoking during pregnancy, and aged paternal genes (Tettamanti L. , Avantaggiato A. , Nardone M. , Silvestre-Rangil J. , Tagilabue A. 2017). Surgically, cleft palates are one of the most common facial abnormalities, because they appear every thousand live births universally (Tungotyo, M. , Atwine, D. , Nanjebe D. , Hodges A. , & Situma M. 2017; Tettamanti L. , Avantaggiato A. , Nardone M. , Silvestre-Rangil J. ,

A cleft lip and cleft palate are facial and oral malformations that occur in pregnancy. The opening for a cleft lip or palate can be small or large enough to connect the upper lip and nose. The lip forms between the fourth and seventh weeks of pregnancy. A baby’s roof or palate forms between the sixth and ninth weeks of pregnancy. In some cases they may develop faster or slower during these time periods depending on the baby growth. A cleft lip is an opening in the lip.A cleft palate is an opening inside the baby’s mouth on the roof where the palate is. Baby's’ lips and palates develop separately during the first three months of pregnancy. Clefting occurs when there is not enough tissue in the mouth or lip area which results in a cleft lip

It is from a lack of fusion form the nasal and maxillary processes that from the upper lip (Damjanov, 2012). Males are more affected from cleft lip then females are (Damjanov, 2012). Cleft lip can occur from a number of reasons including; chromosomal abnormalities, air pollutants and the intake of nitrate. According to Ibsen (2014), cleft lip is a “congenital anomaly of the face caused by the failure of fusion between the embryonic maxillary and medial nasal processes” (p. 324). Cleft lip occurs in about 1 to 800 births recorded to be from the long arm of chromosome 1 regions 32 to 41 (Ibsen, 2014, p.

Several studies have suggested that PDA occurs in premature babies due to the lungs being underdeveloped and poor metabolizers of prostaglandins. Other risk factors that may be associated with an infant having a PDA is a positive family history of cardiac defects and genetically linked conditions like Down syndrome. Maternal infection with German measles during pregnancy can cause damaging effects to the fetal heart and circulatory system and put the infant at greater risk of acquiring a PDA. Studies have also shown that children born at higher altitudes have an increased susceptibility of having a PDA.

Ask what can’t you stand anymore? It is important to use therapeutic communication to allow the mother to speak and understand where she is coming from and what her concerns

“Phonological disorders in children can result from physical or organic causes or may be functional in nature ("Phonological disorders in," 2013)”. Children with a phonological disorder may experience a higher risk for reading and writing disabilities. “If left unresolved, phonological disorders have long-term consequences that may interfere with an individual's future social, academic, and vocational well-being, largely resulting from persistent, reduced intelligibility of speech ("Phonological disorders in," 2013).”