RESEARCH includes research articles that focus on the analysis and resolution of managerial and academic issues based on analytical and empirical or case research
Measurement and Validity of
Jennifer Aaker’s Brand Personality
Scale for Colgate Brand
Bejoy John Thomas and P C Sekar
Executive
Summary
Brand differentiation is now becoming an important tactic for combating competition in the hostile marketplace. A viable solution for establishing the distinctiveness of a brand is through brand personality. Attaching personalities to brands contributes to a differentiating brand identity, which can make brands more desirable to the consumer. Jennifer Aaker developed a specialized brand personality scale, the five dimensions of the scale
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Attaching personalities to brands contributes to a differentiating brand identity, which can make brands more desirable to the consumer.
While positioning the brand, it is important to treat it like a human being with specific characteristics. There are a host of brands out there and if we position the brand in a general manner, it will become a commodity that will get lost in the crowd. The only distinguishing factor we would then have is price, which would leave the task of brand identification at the mercy of market forces.
A very dangerous proposition indeed, because it would effectively mean very little control. On the other hand, if the brand has a distinctive personality, it will come alive for the consumer and endear itself to him. It will help the consumers in identifying with the brand’s personality traits. If youth is a personality characteristic of the brand, it need not appeal only to youngsters. It could appeal to everyone from six to sixty for whom being young and alive is important. Similarly, if the brand is positioned as tender and caring, it will be attractive to everyone who desires these qualities. Lux has a distinctive brand personality – tender and caring. Promoted as it is by the film star who is the current rage, it comes with a testimonial that is hard to ignore– the seductive dream woman of Technicolour and 70 mm, swearing that it is Lux that keeps her skin the way it is, the lure of
Buyer’s behavior is strongly influenced by members of their family. Personal factors can also affect the consumer behavior. Some of the important personal factors that influence the buying behavior are: lifestyle, economic situation, occupation, age, personality and self-concept. Age and life-cycle have potential impact on the consumer buying behavior. The occupation of a person has significant impact on his buying behavior. Consumer economic situation has great influence on his buying behavior. If the income and savings of a customer is high then he will purchase more expensive products. On the other hand, a person with low income and savings will purchase inexpensive products. Lifestyle of customers is another import factor affecting the consumer buying behavior. There are four important psychological factors affecting the consumer buying behavior. These are: perception, motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes. The level of motivation also affects the buying behavior of customers. Every person has different needs such as physiological needs, biological needs, and social needs. Customer possesses specific belief and attitude towards various products. Since such beliefs and attitudes make up brand image and affect consumer buying behavior; therefore, marketers are interested in them.
Toothbrush manufacturers have poured millions of dollars and hours, to marry form and function in oral health care products that enable their users to brush frequently, comfortably, and above all, properly. Along the way, they have built the U.S. oral care market into a $2.9 billion industry, changed the brushing habits of millions and turned the lowly toothbrush into a trendy lifestyle accessory.
A&F has a clearly defined target customer: the good-looking, classic and cool teenagers. The image they produce with the brand
price would collapse.” (CQ Researcher 530) Stating that it would be harder to sell on the streets
In the modern marketing world, consumers are classified in many types according to various criteria and characteristics, such as: gender, age, geographic area and individual customer behavior. In general, customer behavior and especially buying behavior represent the most essential element that sellers take into account when planning a marketing strategy.
Colgate-Palmolive Company (CP) launched a new toothbrush, Colgate Precision, to the market. But having developed for three years, CP was fiercely competing with other companies in the market. In order to have the power to fight in the highly competitive market with substantial product activity, Colgate-Palmolive Co. was in a problem of considering the how to position its new product--Precision, and to define the market strategy in terms of positioning, branding, and communication strategy. It provided some options with details to the reader, hence, for such purpose, this case would be a decision case, finding the optimum to segment the new product to the target and how it should be marketed.
Millennial students can by compiled into a list of seven characteristics. These attributes include having a sense of being special,
Among all the generation, Millennials have become the largest generation in U.S in the last two years. Millennials are also the fastest-growing generation of customers in the marketplace, bringing the greatest lifetime value. In addition, Millennials exhibit different attitudes toward employment, sales, and marketing, which are challenging many conventional strategies and approaches.
When making a consumer decision-making there are several influences that can affect, motivation, attitude, lifestyles, learning, and perception. A person behavior is a key point since it shows the person within their cycle. As we change daily as family our cycle changes as well. In the US, we have different socials classes, and each of them shows different values, behavior, and way of seen life in
According to Coke and its ad agency company Oglivy, the two commonly interested parties discovered that 50% of teens and young adults had not even tasted a Coke. As an advertiser, that is an alarming statistic, since young adults are the future generation in regards to opportunity; consequently, that statistic coincide with that fact that Coke has a 50% chance of existing in the next generation or future. Effective advertising campaigns make consumers feel invited to be apart of specific brands, and it was evident Coke had flopped at that vital element over the past few years. Coke and Oglivvy dedicated an entire campaign to the younger generation by ways of emotional branding strategy. Furthermore, Coke and Oglivvy unveiled the genius marketing
Pepsi majorly targets the youngsters through its promotions and advertisements. The brand ambassadors of the company have been film stars, cricketers, for example, Kareena Kapoor, Amitabh Bachchan, M S Dhoni and others. Pepsi also creates advertisements that target the youngsters like the world cup advertisement. Pepsi segments the market based on attitudes, age and region. The recent advertisement targets the youngsters and also the elderly by showing how light changes a life. It also targets the sentiments of the people. Brand personality is how a product is perceived by the consumer, how a consumer considers the product and hence it helps to develop a personality of the product. Over the years,
Persuasion is a part of our everyday lives. Whether we are persuading our mother, using persuasion through speech, or threw advertisements, we are using rhetoric strategies to get the response we desire. With the help of minor details in many advertisements, Ethos, Logos, and Pathos are a way of persuading the audience to buy or think a certain way. A Colgate toothbrush commercial used Logos, Pathos and Ethos to spread the word that they have the best toothbrush of all, in which they target everyone who has teeth. Through the use of advertisements, Colgate has convinced the world that they have the best toothbrushes, they’re even recommended by dentists.
The United States, Mexican and Chinese markets all took very different approaches to the release of Colgate-Palmolive’s (CP) newest oral care product in 2004-2005. The new toothpaste is called Colgate Max Fresh (CMF). It is a cavity preventing gel with breath-freshening strips suspended in it that dissolve while consumers brush their teeth. The technology behind the breath strips is patented, and Colgate was hoping the product would be a big success by providing unique freshness.
Culture has progressed with many consumer merchandises that have become necessities and transformed into the day-to-day routines of society without having to think twice about it. CP or Colgate-Palmolive, is an icon for the personal hygiene industry throughout the United States, and as a worldwide company has positioned the brand as a most important home care in multiple foreign countries.The CMF line is CP’s most popular brand. The brand was a huge hit because of its individuality and the value that it crafted for consumers was astonishing. Colgate Max combined a new breath-strip and a mixture of therapeutics’, which added to more
Gucci consumer have been found to have power and affiliation need while Gap consumer are more directed by achievement need. In terms of personality, Gucci consumers have openness trait that make them curious and adventurous. Gap’s consumers will mainly show conscientiousness trait by