Colorectal Cancer : The Third Most Common Type Of Cancer

Prevention includes regular checkups, if found early enough “survival rate is 90%”, however only 4 out of 10 people find colonic cancer in this stage due to lack of regular checkups. Prevention also includes consuming the recommended amounts of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and vitamins high in calcium and vitamin D. Risk factors include drinking, smoking, obesity, low activity, and a history of polyps.

The Ministry of Health has contributed almost $40 million dollars, over the past four years, towards the development and implementation of the National Bowel Screening Programme (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2016a). The aim of this is to develop a programme to regularly screen people who are considered a ‘high risk’ for developing colorectal cancer. People considered to be at a high risk for developing colorectal cancer are those of advancing age (60+), previous colonic polyps, a diabetes diagnosis, and those who have a previous family history of colorectal cancer (Brenner, Zwink, Ludwig & Hoffmeister, 2017, p.95; Dallas, 2017; Engelke, 2016).

What is Mr. Watt’s risk factors related to colon cancer? Consider all aspects of his health, his family history and his culture.

The NHS have found that bowel cancer is one of the most common cancers in the UK, with around 40,000 new cases being diagnosed every single year. This means that approximately 1 in every 20 people will develop bowel cancer at some point within their lifetime. However, the earlier it is detected, the higher the rate of successful treatment and survival. This is why bowel screening is so important. It has been found that around 90% of those who suffer from bowel cancer are over the age of

“The colon cancer vs. Crohn’s disease debate is generating a lot of interest in the medical community. Every year in the U.S., approximately 57,000 people die from colorectal cancer and 147,000 new cases are diagnosed”states Dr. Victor Marchione. Crohn's disease is a new disease that was introduced into today's society in 2015. 1.4 million Americans have Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Of those, about 700,000 have Crohn’s has been diagnosed in the years between 1992 and 2004 just from a doctor's visit. People have came up with different ways that we can help and prevent the disease such as Surgery, Conferences and “ KEY TO PROCESS “.

The American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines recommend colonoscopy,as the preferred cancer screening test for patients 50 years and older(Rex 2017). The technique of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) was developed for removingsessile or flat lesions confined to the superficial layers (mucosa and submucosa) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the colon, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. EMR with submucosal injection helps facilitate complete resection of polyps (Hwang 2015; Fyock 2010; Steele 2013), which is critical, as incomplete resections may contribute to the development of colon cancer in patients despite being on a colonoscopy screening/surveillance pathway (i.e. interval cancers). (von Renteln 2017; Bujanda 2010;

The signs and symptoms of colon cancer include blood in the stool, weight loss, change in movements in the bowel and fatigue. Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas because they begin in the cells responsible for making and releasing mucus and other fluids. Colon cancer usually begins as a type of growth known as a polyp which forms in colon or rectum’s inner wall. Some polyps may develop to become cancer after some time. Diagnosing and removing polyps is used to prevent cancer. In the United Kingdom, colon cancer is 3rd most common type of cancer for women and men. However, deaths associated with the cancer have been decreasing after the use of colonoscopies as well as fecal occult blood tests which are used to check for the presence of blood in people’s

A colonoscopy isn't the only colon cancer test you can have, but it is often recommended. The advantage of this test is your doctor can look for growths and remove them at the same

Maori aged 60-69 years were 1.5 times more likely to have an adenoma detected than Europeans of the same age (Ministry of Health, 2015). Maori were almost 1.5 times more likely to have an advanced adenoma detected than Europeans (Ministry of Health, 2015). Asians were over 1.5 times less likely to have an advanced adenoma detected than Europeans (Ministry of Health, 2015). There was a recommendation that Asians were less likely and Maori were more likely than Europeans to have neoplasia detected, but this was not statistically significant (Ministry of Health, 2015). Asians were less likely than Europeans to have either advanced adenoma or colorectal cancer detected (Ministry of Health, 2015). The Positive Predictive Values for adenoma and advanced adenoma was lower for females than males (Ministry of Health, 2015). The PPV for adenoma was about 1.5 times less for Asians

Squamous cell carcinomas cancer is the most common colon cancer in the United States. It is located within the anal canal and around its walls. This sparks my interest because it is quite odd to me that cancer could occur in the anal canal or outside of it. It really shows how cancer can literally occur anywhere in the body. Even Though it is located in the anal canal, the cause of colorectal cancer is usually due to many other reasons that has nothing to do with the colon itself. These causes are the amount of exercise a person have, any smoking or drinking, even if the person is overweight, or attaining HPV. There are also many causes that can not be changed by your lifestyle, for example if you have the genes to have colorectal cancer or

Malignant growths in the colon is the third leading cause of cancer in the United States, and is the second leading cause of death from cancer as well, according to research published by the American College of Gastroenterology (http://patients.gi.org/topics/colon-polyps/). By finding and removing colon polyps, the chances of those that can become cancerous doing so is greatly reduced. This is key in reducing the number of colon cancer diagnoses, and saving lives.

Colon cancer has an excellent prognosis when diagnosed early, with 92 percent of patients living longer than five years who were diagnosed during Stage 1. Preventing colon cancer through a healthy diet and getting regular colonoscopies is crucial in diagnosing the cancer at an early stage.

This program’s intended outcomes comprise both short-term and long-term outcomes. Firstly, the short-term outcome is that for every patient who is fifty years and older is given the choice to undergo either the colonoscopy or the CT colonography (CTC) procedure. Consequently, if more patients choose the CTC method, then it will vastly affect the adherence rates for colorectal cancer screenings and in effect cost (Pooler et al., 2012). In turn, this will increase the life years gained for the individual. Secondly, the long-term outcome arises when Medicare sees the benefit of CTC and its adherence for CRC screenings and will reimburse for this CTC procedure for screening purposes for Medicare-aged individuals.

Thus, if patients fill out the pre-Likert questionnaire for patient preference on a particular procedure, then a specific screening will be performed. The two screening tests that will be administered are 1) Traditional Optical Colonoscopy: an invasive screening procedure that examines the entire colon for signs of polyps and medical conditions such as adenomas, colorectal neoplasia etc. (de Wijkerslooth et al., 2010). 2) CT Colonography: a non-invasive screening procedure that examines the entire colon for signs of polyps and medical conditions such as adenomas, colorectal neoplasia etc. (de Wijkerslooth et al., 2010). There are some additional differences between these two. Sedation and biopsies can only be performed via the colonoscopy, and lesions located in other parts of the abdomen and pelvis can be found with CTC. Participants in the study will be further randomly selected and randomly assigned to four treatment groups which will be explained later in the

The good news is that there are many ways to reduce colon cancer risks, the number one way is through screening. The ACS estimates that less than 50 percent of adults over 50 have been screened for colon cancer even though it is one of the most preventable forms of cancer. James Church surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic. He says, "You can’t prevent breast cancer, lung cancer