Compare And Contrast Mitosis And Meiosis

     More than one celled organisms grow by way of mitosis and the cytoplasmic division of body cells. On the other hand, meiosis occurs only in germ cells, which are put aside for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). Reproduction by meiosis allows for species survival and it increases genetic variability.

With sperm, each cell goes through meiosis to produce four sperm cells. During oogenesis a oogonium cell undergoes mitosis to produce primary oocytes. It differs from sperm formation because it is a stop-start process. It also divides the cell unequally and one primary oogonium cell produces one active cell in contrast to sperm.

Mitosis: This is the process by which a cell duplicates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus in order to generate two identical daughter nuclei.

Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis Meiosis and mitosis describes the process by which cells divide, either by asexual or sexual reproduction to produce a new organism. Meiosis is a form of cell division that produces gametes in humans these are egg cells and sperms, each with reduced or halved number of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes is restored when two gametes fuse together to form a zygote. A cell with two copies of each chromosome is called diploid cell and a cell with one copy of each chromosome is called a haploid cell.

Mitosis and meiosis are similar in several ways and different in others. The similarities include that both processes involve IPMAT. IPMAT is interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The parent cells are diploid. They both end with cytokinesis. In Metaphase and Metaphase II, the sister chromatids line up along the center. Then in Anaphase and Anaphase II, these chromatids are split and pulled towards the centrosomes. The differences are that mitosis consists of 1 division while meiosis consists of 2. Four genetically different, haploid sex cells are the products of meiosis and 2 identical, diploid somatic cells from mitosis. Mitosis occurs in all organisms except viruses and meiosis only occurs in plants, animals, and fungi.

Meiosis results in four daughter cells (gametes) which have half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. They are therefore called haploid cell

A) Meiosis consists of two cell divisions and is broken up into Meiosis I and Meiosis II. At the beginning of the Cell Cycle, in this case there are four chromatids each from the homologous pairs being A, a, B, b. This is the Diploid number (4) meaning it is 2 times the haploid number that will be seen at the end of meiosis II. During the S phase of interphase, the chromatids replicate and reach the end of G2 phase. Now starting meiosis, during the first stage of prophase I the chromosomes condense and pair up through synapsis with their sister chromatids creating AA, aa, BB, bb. After they pair up they go through a process called crossing over, where the homologous chromosomes share a piece of their genetic material with each other. Crossing over allows for the genetic diversity of chromosomes. Now there are four homologous chromosomes Aa, Aa, Bb, Bb, each containing heterozygous alleles because the sister chromatids exchanged genetic information with their homologous pair. During late prophase I, spindle fibers being to form where they will later attach to a homologous chromosomes centromere. The next stage is Metaphase I. During metaphase I, the homologous pairs line up at the metaphase plate, also known to be the center of the cell. The homologous pairs form a tetrad which is considered a group of four homologous chromosomes. These homologous chromosomes orient themselves randomly, which is know as the process of independent

Mitosis is the process of duplicating nuclear material one cell becomes two cells. A cell contains 46 chromosomes, this is known as diploid. This process involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis ensures the continuation of the organism and helps the body build and repair. Meiosis on the other hand is for production of haploid cells, 23 chromosomes, that together with another human, new organisms are created.

[A labelled diagram of the end of the Prophase stage of a cell here would be

A con for sexual reproduction is during meiosis. An egg and sperm cell usually have 23 chromosomes each. When an egg gets fertilized by a sperm cell it combines to 46 chromosomes. Human beings have 46 chromosomes each. When something goes wrong and a baby inside a womb gets one more extra chromosome, they get Down syndrome.

The sperm and the egg are the key to reproduction. Without the sperm fertilizing the egg there would no reproduction. They both start off in very different places and in different ways but come together to create a life. The journey to create a life is a very interesting one and in this paper I will be outlining it in detail, describing the male and female sex organs and the role of both these organs in fertilization.

Ever wonder how children inherit their parent’s traits? Though every human being is unique, there are often family-shared traits that stand out from family to family. Family similarities occur because children inherit genes from their parents. Genes are genetic information that contributes to what traits children get, or don’t get, from their parents. A child’s genetic information is shared through tetrads. Tetrads are homologous pairs that carry genes controlling the same inherited trait. Tetrads are exchanged and distributed to the child during the process of meiosis.

Meiosis is only performed by a male or female’s sex organs because the cells found in those organs, gametes, contain the X or Y chromosomes (Maayan 2011). When the gametes are producing more cells, they pass on the X or Y chromosomes to the new haploid daughter cells. Randomly, during miosis I or meiosis II, the homologue pairs or the chromatids do not separate in a process called nondisjunction (Mader 2015). When this occurs occurs and some new cells will be left with no chromosomes and others with double the amount of chromosomes. If a woman has an egg with no x chromosome is fertilized or if a sperm with no X chromosome fertilizes an egg, what will result is a zygote with only one X chromosome instead of the normal two (“Chromosomal Abnormalities” 2017). If this zygote is formed, it is called monosomy X or what we know as Turner Syndrome (“Chromosomal Abnormalities”

Reproduction, among most living creatures, is less about enjoying the miracle of life with a significant other and more about fulfilling the instinctual duty of ensuring a specie’s continuation. Life without reproduction is akin to an ice cream cone in July: it will not last long. As such, the definition of life necessitates the inclusion of reproduction. Like metabolism, reproduction comes in many forms. Some of the most basic prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually. Asexual reproduction involves the replication of genetic material, and then an even division into two “new” individuals (Reece 1014). This method of reproduction, also known as mitosis, is also used in eukaryotic cells to regenerate cells within tissues or organs. An issue surrounding this form of reproduction is the lack of genetic variability. As it involves only one parent, the new generation has the exact same genetic sequence as the original generation (Reece

Do you know how you were born? Do you know how you came to be? The reproductive system is the system that made that all possible. Without the reproductive system you wouldn’t have been born. In order to produce offspring, the male and female reproductive systems have to be different. Each system has different parts, problems and care. Each system have different purposes, the male reproductive system’s function is to produce sperm, while the female reproductive system’s function is to produce ova, store ova and house a fertilized egg.