Compare And Contrast The Synthesis Of Dna And Anti-Codons

Transcription is the formation of an RNA strand from a DNA template within the nucleus of a cell. There are four nucleotides of DNA. These are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. These nucleotides are transcribed to form messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) consisting of nucleotides made of adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil. This transcription from DNA to mRNA happens by an RNA polymerase II. This newly created mRNA is read in the 5' to 3' direction in sets of 3. These sets are called codons. Each mRNA also has a cap and end. On the 5 prime side is a methylated guanine triphosphate and on the 3 prime is a poly A tail. Messenger RNA then moves to the cells cytoplasm and through the cells ribosomes for translation. Messenger RNA is matched to molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the ribosomes to create amino acids. These amino acids subsequently form an amino acid chain. (Osuri, 2003) A visual representation of this can been viewed in figure 3.

1) DNA programs protein production in the cytoplasm by transferring its coded information to a molecule called RNA (mRNA). The RNA then carries the order to build this type of protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Since DNA has the instructions for making protein we usually wonder how is it able to make ribosomes if DNA is stored within the nucleus. This is when a handy tool comes in called transcription and copies the DNA into mRNA so it can be reached outside of the cell.

Protein biosynthesis is the biochemical process, in which proteins are synthesized from simple amino acids within several steps with the aid of information stored within the sequence of DNA. DNA is located within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells contain sections known as genes which carry the genetic code required in order to manufacture proteins. During the process of protein synthesis mRNA or as it is also known messenger RNA is able to construct a complementary strand with the aid of the strands either side of the DNA structure. Through doing this mRNA now holds a copy of the genetic instructions required in order to produce protein molecules. Throughout the DNA remains within the nucleus with mRNA on the other

Polypeptides’ creation is a long process that involves your DNA. A polypeptide is basically a protein that is bonded between amino acids. DNA triplets also involve in the creation of polypeptides. Inside the DNA the mRNA enters inside and copies the code. Since the DNA can’t leave the nucleus the mRNA is the messenger for the DNA. Which is called transcription since the mRNA copies the sequences and order of the bases. Then the DNA strands split up into two strands and an enzyme will encase it to be copied or let it be paired up with other bases. As the enzyme is replacing itself with nitrogen bases the second strand is being transferred out of the nucleus. The strands that are being transferred out of the nucleus can be paired up with tRNA

Our body contains millions and millions of cells those of which that contain our bodies genetic information inside their nucleus. DNA is used to make polypeptides by first transcribing the DNA strand, transcribing is when a helicase splits apart the the DNA sequence and then mRNA copies the sequence of the bases. The mRNA is able to complete the strand because of the Complimentary Base Pair Rule which states that adenine can only connect with thymine and that guanine can only connect with cytosine. Then once transcription ends (the mRNA finishes pairing with the base strand). The mRNA leaves the nucleus,this is where translation occurs, then once it has fully left the nucleus the mRNA docks with a ribosome. Then the ribosome detects and then

This time we will actually be making proteins. mRNA is turned into amino acids for making proteins. The tRNA helps transfer these protein making amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes, or construction sites. The anticodon, only found on tRNA not mRNA, matches and connects to the 3’ end of the amino acid. There the large and small ribosomal sub units start to prepare and make proteins. The A site is where the molecule is added. P site is where the protein is added. E site is where the used molecule exits. Then the ribose reads the mRNA one codon at a time until it reaches the end. This information is stored so that it has the information on how to make that specific protein

The nucleus contains chromosomes in which the DNA encodes proteins. The mRNA molecules transcribed from the DNA leave through the nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope to attach to free ribosomes or ribosomes on the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER). mRNA molecules try to bind to ribosomes as they contain ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcribed from DNA in the nucleolus. The attachment of mRNA allows protein synthesis to occur at the ribosome, producing proteins in their primary structure. These polypeptide chains then travel through the rER where they are packaged and pinched off into little vesicles and carried to the Golgi complex. They are then chemically modified and folded into newly synthesised proteins which can then leave the cell (exocytosis) through secretory vesicles produced at the Golgi complex.

How are proteins made? Where is the birth of proteins take place? It all starts with DNA. DNA is genetic information found in the nucleus of a cell. The first stage in order to make DNA is sending a RNA call mRNA (also known as messenger RNA). This RNA is can fit through pores from the cell’s walls, but DNA can’t because it is too big to fit in the pores, but RNA is small enough to fit through the pores. In the DNA strand there are nitrogen bases and three nitrogen bases in that strand are called DNA triplets, or also known as codon. One DNA is broken into two strands and the mRNA copies that strand of DNA. The mRNA copies all the codons into anti-codons. This process is called transcription; copying a strand of DNA. The mRNA is now going to

There are many steps to make polypeptides. Polypeptides are the many bonds between amino acids.Amino acids are originally found in tRNA and also in proteins. tRNA is the other strand of RNA that bonds with the other nucleotide bases. Polypeptides also make protiens. Since DNA can't leave the nucleus, mRNA goes inside the nucleus and copies the information from the DNA such as the DNA triplets. It also copies the sequences of DNA know as the genes. DNA triplets are three nitrogen bases such as TAG or GAC. This process is called transcription.

All cells function through the proteins. Protein synthesis involves two steps: transcription and translation. During the transcription phase the information encoded in DNA is taken and encodes it to messenger RNA (mRNA) which is smaller than DNA so it can come out of the cells nucleus into the cytoplasm. In transcription the DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is one strand of the double stranded DNA. In the translation phase the mRNA works with a ribosome and transfer RNA (tRNA) to synthesise proteins and occurs in the cytoplasm. The tRNA translates the nucleotide sequence of mRNA to the specific amino acid sequence. These amino acid sequences join together to form a

Without DNA you are basically nothing in flesh. DNA is what makes you, you. Without it you wouldn’t be able to know who you are. Polypeptides are chains of amino acids. Polypeptides are formed on the ribosomes when one part of a strand of DNA is broken. Ribosomes make polypeptides by stringing amino acids together. Amino acids are simple organic compounds containing carboxyl and an amino group. Proteins use a least one or more polypeptide molecule. A codon is basically a hydrogen bond stringing two molecules together. It’s a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA molecule. When three nucleotides form it is called a triplet. A triplet contains three bases in the mRNA strand. Each triplet in mRNA causes a corresponding

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids, which are all proteins. Proteins are made and developed outside the nucleus; in the ribosome. The way strung amino acids are put together is very important. The individual 3D and sequence must be correct, or else you will have a completely different protein. There are two different types of RNA which are involved in the entire process. They are transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA, in the process of making new proteins, makes a copy of a gene which exits the nucleus. It sends the information which is needed to make new polypeptides. You might think that it goes straight to connecting to the ribosome, but it does not. First the copy of the gene goes to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).

Transcription is where DNA is transcribed into RNA which then can be pass to the ribosome’s to act as a template for protein synthesis. Before transcription can begin DNA must unwind and the two halves of the molecule much come apart so exposing the base sequence. This process begins when a region of a two DNA strands is unzipped by enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA molecule at the imitation site.

The formation of a protein begins in the genes, which contain the basic building information for all parts of living organisms. There are four DNA nucleotides that make up genes: A, T, C, and G. A codon is any arrangement of three of these nucleotides. Each triplet of nucleotides codes for one amino acid. First transcription will begin in the nucleus where mRNA will transcribe the DNA template. During both transcription and translation, there are three steps. The first step in transcription is initiation where RNA polymerase separates a DNA strand and binds RNA nucleotides to the DNA. RNA nucleotides are the same as DNA ones except that U replaces the T. The second is just the elongation of the mRNA. The third step of transcription is termination. This occurs when RNA polymerase reads a codon region and the mRNA separates from the