APSC 151 MIDTERM FALL 2017 1) Compared to the age of the Universe of about 14 billion years, the currently accepted age of Earth is about ________ years as determined by using radioactivity for dating rocks and minerals. A) 4.6 thousand B) 4.6 billion C) 5.4 million D) 13.7 billion 2) The ________ division of the geologic time scale is an era of the Phanerozoic Eon. A) Paleocene B) Paleozoic C) Permian D) Proterozoic 3) The Earth's core was formed from ________. A) a massive nickel iron asteroid that was the nucleus upon which Earth condensed B) high density radioactive carbon C) the left over nickel and iron that would not fit into the earlier formed crust and mantle D) molten iron and nickel that …show more content…
A) along a mid-ocean ridge B) along the length of a deep mantle plume C) along a transform fault D) along a subduction zone 11) Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for ________. A) rifting beneath a continental plate and the beginning of continental drift B) sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at subduction zones C) rising of hot asthenosphere from deep in the mantle D) transform faulting between an oceanic plate and a continental plate 12) Plates are sliding past one another horizontally along a ________ plate boundary. A) Transform B) convergent C) divergent D) subduction 13) The true colour of a mineral as seen in its powdered form is called it's ________. A) Birefringence B) chatoyancy C) iridescence D) streak
14) Which one of the following minerals has the greatest hardness on the Mohs hardness scale? A) Feldspar B) calcite C) gypsum D) topaz 15) Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock? A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometric, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks. B) A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern. C) In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of minerals. D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular,
A.It effervesces when tested with acid. B.It is a very coarse-grained sedimentary rock. C.It is a fine-grained sedimentary rock. Correct
III: My group had the geography map. Which was based off of elevation, so we had determine the highest and lowest points of theses plate tectonics. First, we observed all of the boundaries and determined the differences. Once we found some differences, we had to determine
There are three distinct types of plate boundaries existing, which are supported by geological observation, geophysical data, and theoretical considerations. Their names and categories are based on if adjacent plates move apart from each other (divergent plate margins), toward one another (convergent plate margins), or slip past one another in a direction parallel to their common boundary (transform plate margins) (Pitman, W.C., 2007).
Many Christians believe that the age of the earth is a side issue, of non doctrinal importance, that one can believe in an old or young universe. The Christian apologist William Lang Craig believes that it hurts Christianity when Christians hold to a young earth position (Craig holds to a local flood as many other Christian apologist and Christian). The reason they give is that it is not scientifically possible, others have posited that it hurts the gospel message. Others have said young earth believers unwittingly damage Christianity 's
Next, we can see that the rock displays a subtle porphyritic texture with plagioclase comprising the phenocrysts. The overall texture of the surrounding groundmass is granoblastic equigranular. Under thin section we also see a weakly defined foliation evidenced in the preferential alignment of actinolite grains and to a lesser extent chlorite grains. Undulose extinction is also observed in quartz indicating the rock was subject to deformation. The normalized quartz, alkali-feldspar, and plagioclase (QAP) values of this rock indicate that it is classified as a grano-diorite according to the IUGS QAPF classification system which is consistent with the hand sample interpretation.
2. Use the geologic definition of a mineral to determine which of the items listed in Figure 1.1 (p.3 lab book) are minerals and which are not minerals. Put an “X” in the appropriate box.
Determine the relative age each of the geologic structures shown in the geologic cross section below (Figure 9.17) from youngest to oldest; then answer the questions below. As before, a wiggly line running across the geologic cross section indicates an unconformity and a fault is indicated with a bold straight line.
Stretching forces generated in the lithosphere immediately above the rising portion of a convection cell result in rifting of the lithosphere and ultimate formation of what type of plate boundary?
3.how is it generated? It is created by fossils being compressed by the earth over very many years?
This is a comparative essay and its purpose is to compare old-Earth and young-Earth viewpoints on Dating the rocks of the Grand Canyon. There are different views on this and no scientific method that can prove (completely) the age of the universe or the earth. There are the use of different types of calculations that can provide some guesses on the age of the earth. Many things need to be assumed such as a beginning date and the speed of change along with varying increases and decreases of material over time. “Young-Earth Creationism” (YEC) is based on a precept that earth and the universe were created by God, only 6,000 years ago in six days. Their position is that by examining geological records the scientific details of
5) In general terms, describe the distribution of youngest and oldest crust in the Atlantic Ocean Basin.
8. Is it important to know exactly how old the earth is? Why or why not?
L. Vardiman, A.A. Snelling and E.F. Chaffin (Eds.), Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth: Results of a Young-Earth Creationist Research Initiative, Institute for Creation Research, Santee, California, and Creation Research Society, St. Joseph, Missouri, 2000.
7. What is the relationship between plate tectonics and the ocean floor—seafloor spreading, for example?
It has been known for well over a century now that the Earth’s core, mantle and the crust make up the basic structure of the Earth. However, there is some controversy over how and when the Earth produced its core, mantle and crust. In this essay, I will first discuss about the formation of the Early Earth and its Moon, then about the methods used to pinpoint the age of the Earth. Other than that, I will also expand on core and mantle formation, as well as the eventual production of the continental crust.