Comparing Newcomb's Encoding And Decoding

I love coding in my free time and I do truly believe that I flourish when I find myself coding. The limits of what you can do with coding are next to non-existent, and the idea of a platform with infinite possibilities engrosses me and leads to me to work as efficiently as possible towards the end goal of creating a product in which I see infinite possibilities. On top of that, another possible contributing reason for why I think coding may allow me to flourish is that with the infinite possibilities (as I stated before) comes curiosity, a curiosity that has no conclusion. The feeling of curiosity I feel as I code has a cause and effect relationship with me in that it turns me onto new methods of coding or new languages of coding which then

In Robert Scholes essay, “On Reading a Video Text” Scholes asserts that modern visual media or “video texts” provide a powerful vehicle for “cultural literacy.” By making use of “visual fascination” in mass media and in particular, commercials, these “video texts” use this part to bring viewers out of boredom and pique their interest. Following this, “narrativity” comes into play not only giving viewers the story but providing them with the ignition for their on context using their own cultural knowledge and experience on the commercial. The final step in the process is the ideological confirmation that is “cultural reinforcement,” the securing of one’s place in a body or group. With “video texts” more widely seen than traditional forms of

Beyond the fact that Manjoo conflates entertainment niches with political divisions fueled by greater sociopolitical and economic influences—already a large correlative jump that does not indicate causation—he suggests that the mainstream culture of a TV-Nation somehow promoted a national unity due to a shared cultural lexicon of sitcoms. The idea that we were more united in the past due to a more singular channel of information demonstrates a one-sided viewpoint. The mainstream may have dominated, but it wasn’t all inclusive.

In ‘How Netflix is Deepening our Cultural Echo Chambers’, Farhad Manjoo uses the remake of “One Day at a Time” to emphasize the imperative shift of an era focused on streaming that entails a narrow set of refined references. By first exhibiting a remade show on a platform such as Netflix, the re-examination of reality is displayed to be evolving the mainstream identity of millions. From broadcasting, cable then to streaming the secular depiction of being a “vast wasteland” emerges into the view of a “bubbling sea of creativity” that allows for collective groups of individuals to be recognized. Manjoo insinuates that through the shared references viewers attained through television, nothing thereafter will have the direct mass impact of a singular movement of culture that the medium television had at its peak. Although seemingly

Popular culture is the artistic and creative expression in entertainment and style that appeals to society as whole. It includes music, film, sports, painting, sculpture, and even photography. It can be diffused in many ways, but one of the most powerful and effective ways to address society is through film and television. Broadcasting, radio and television are the primary means by which information and entertainment are delivered to the public in virtually every nation around the world, and they have become a crucial instrument of modern social and political organization. Most of today’s television programming genres are derived from earlier media such as stage, cinema and radio. In the area of comedy, sitcoms have proven

I argue that authors and producers often attempt to impose their own set of cultural and political ideologies on its audience through a certain depiction of right and wrong. In this manner, works of fiction might influence, perhaps even alter, the ideologies of the audience.[3] Accordingly, analyzing the depiction of ideologies in media content can serve as a basis for further research on if and how producers intend to influence their audience.

their culture. Television over the years has molded the minds of its viewers – young and

Modern day television in household has become its own culture. Television holds a constant presence in American households and is forever changing, and visually keeps our attention. Television can be beneficial in the aspect that it has given viewers different attitudes by viewing different cultural backgrounds that can be presented on televisions. For example, this paper will be addressing the sitcom American Dad, American Dad is an adult animated sitcom, which focuses on a modern American family. The main character Stan Smith and his family who face at times core issues of a family. The comedy and farce overshadow the serious messages being conveyed. The stereotypical messages are often relatable in family households in an absurd way. American Dad is fantasying to watch because the visual elements and the real-world issues that are being addressed can heavily impact American society. American Dad depicts American family culture, because traditional families see norms being depicted on the show, it incorporates current trends, and society often depicts aspects from the

In Scholes essay, “On Reading a Video Text,” he analyzes the relationships between the photographic techniques and narrative messages in commercials. Photographic techniques cause the viewer to understand their culture in a specific way; cultural reinforcement causes the viewer to construct a story based on the viewer’s knowledge. The images lead to an emotional connection between the commercials message and the viewer. The connection causes the viewer to surrender to the text and by surrendering to the text the viewer accepts the messages. It is important to understand which messages to accept. For these reasons, it is imperative that the viewer understands media literacy. Scholes emphasizes the importance of teaching media literacy in schools. Political campaign ads attempt to get the viewer to surrender to the text and trust what the commercial reveals. Thus, it is vital to

Watching television is such a common part of contemporary society, that most Americans adopted it as a part of their daily routine and watch television for at least an hour a day. Stanley Crouch, a poet, music and cultural critic, writes: “Whenever people pretentiously and proudly announce, “I don’t watch television,” they should follow it up with “I don’t look at America either”” (Masciotra 79). Television has become a part of many people’s lives. When the mass population watches the same television shows, movies, etc. they can all relate to each other, and thus unite them as an American. We look to TV shows to see how other people like us act on-screen. Aaron Morales, the author of American Mashup: A Popular Culture Reader states: “We watch movies, visit websites, and scour online profiles, all in an effort to glean from a variety of sources those traits that we feel best suit how we identify ourselves” (Morales 65). Movie characters can change the personalities and point of views in our society. Movies can inspire and motivate a society to change its social norms. For example, The Harry Potter Series is a well-known book that is popularized over the years through television advertisements. The reason Harry Potter is special is because he is like everyone else, but he is dealing with different problems. People can relate to the aspect of the characters and

The difference between the intended meaning of media texts and what the audience actually perceives can be shockingly different. Producers of media can do everything possible to force audiences to experience their work in the way they want them to, but in the end they still take away many different meanings even within the same audience. Stuart Hall outlines this in his encoding and decoding model. One of the most apparent examples of this is the television show South Park. The television show South Park is a media text with the producers’ preferred meaning of being decoded as joke or as being satire, but many audience members take an oppositional stance of taking it seriously. This is clear from the examples of controversy when South Park aired episodes focused on Scientology, red-headed people, and Islam. Through these examples it is demonstrated that the producers of media have less power compared to the audience in determining the meaning of media.

Jenkins talks about how the consumption of media products is a collective process, in other words, the collective intelligence is seen as an alternative source of media power. He describes how within popular culture, the collective meaning making is shaping and changing the ways religion, education, laws, politics, advertising and how the military operate (4). Jenkins discusses a process called “convergence of modes”, he explains that media and communication are becoming interconnected like the telephone and television.

In our society, there are many forms of mediated texts ranging from newspapers and magazines to films and television shows. Each of these media forms can be seen from different theoretical perspectives and analyzed to understand the different concepts that may influence them. Television shows are one of the most popular media texts with approximately 400 new shows airing each year (Ryan, 2016). However, it is often very unlikely for these television shows to strive as 65% are cancelled after their first season (Ocasio, 2012). This then, brings Marxist scholars into the picture as they are interested in how economic factors affect the production and distribution of media content (Mack & Ott, 2016). The Marxist theoretical perspective allows Marxist scholars to study television shows in order to understand why they were cancelled and how certain roles in the media lead to this.

According to Saldana (2016), coding in qualitative analysis frequently refers to a word or a passage of text that symbolically attributes essence- capturing, salient, summative, and / or evocative attribute for a passage of text or visual information (p. 4).

Some people may argue a book is less entertaining and interesting than a television show in the 1960’s. However, the television shows broadcasted are solely focused to entertaining the general audience after work, chores, or school by employing monotonous programming. If a person who solely watches television for an entire day, they evidently become tedious. Also, the television shows lack diverse plots, themes, characters, originality, and other aspects unlike a book or a newspaper. Therefore, numerous television companies decided to display new content such as news shows, movies, drama series, horror shows, documentaries, music shows, and shows based on true stories. An example is HBO’s Band of Brothers, a miniseries about the story of a company of soldiers in WWII from their initial training to the end of the war. During the war, the soldiers experience D-Day, participate in numerous battles, liberate a Nazi concentration camp, and enter Hitler’s mountain retreat located in Berchtesgaden, Germany. This tale of comradeship displays how ordinary, American men accomplished the extraordinary and end a gruesome and unjustified war. As a result from Newton’s proposal for better television programming, numerous shows and series like Band of Brothers offer an entertaining, unique, and worthy alternative to other forms of communication.