Comparing TSIA Test And Citrate Utilization Of Acid

The following tests according to the lab manual were performed: gram stain, fermentation tubes, methyl red, vogues proskauer, sulfur, indole, motility and growing it up on MacConkey agar. The gram stain was performed incorrectly the first time. This is because the decolorizer was not on the bacterium slide for long enough, giving a false outcome.

To perform this test, a tube of broth rich with glucose is acquired. In this tube is phenol red, a pH indicator. Initially, the tube appeared pink in color, indicating a normal pH level. Next, a sample of unknown #44 is introduced into this medium using the aseptic technique, and this is allowed to sit for several days. If the organism is able to ferment glucose, the pH in the medium would decrease and cause the phenol red to exhibit a yellow color. In addition to the straw color, gas can also be produced and trapped inside the Durham tube placed in the medium. This production of acid and gas is a direct result of the fermentation of glucose, as seen with unknown

This test is used to detect if the bacteria contains any deoxyribonuclease activity. Because no color change was observed from blue to clear my unknown bacteria displayed a negative result.

The Methyl Red test is a differential test for bacterial respiration used to differentiate strains of coliform bacteria capable of performing mixed acid fermentation that will lower the pH despite the phosphate buffer (http://faculty.deanza.fhda.edu). Mixed acid fermentation is confirmed by using methyl red as an indicator. It is red ant pH 4.4 and below, yellow at pH 6.2 and above, and orange in between. Red is a positive result reported as (+), yellow is a negative result reported as (-), and orange is negative or inconclusive.

I used an inoculating needle to stab the SIM test tube and then incubated it at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. The SIM test was used to test whether an organism has the ability to reduce sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. Iron salts in the media reacts with the hydrogen sulfide to form a black precipitate called ferric sulfide. If sulfur can be reduced than a black color will be seen in the tube. This test also sees if an organism is and indole producer. Indole producers are bacteria that produce the enzyme trytophanase which can hydrolyze tryptophan to pyruvate, ammonia and indole. To test for indole production,

This test is for only gram positive bacteria; unknown species B. Using a starch agar plate inoculate gram positive bacteria onto it. Make any kind of design on the starch agar. Label the plate starch agar and unknown species B. Incubate the starch agar for at least 48 hours at the 25C. After incubation open the agar plate and cover the entire surface with iodine and allow it to soak into the agar for 5 to 10 minutes. If there is a clear zone around the growth pattern or halo this means, there is no starch present and the bacteria have consumed the starch. Having a clear zone or halo means the test is

4) A MSA plate test was run on a sample of the organism and the results were consistent with the given results for M. Luteus. The results showed a fair amount of growth on the plate, and the color of the agar around the growth remained red. The MSA test is selective in that the salt will inhibit most gram negative organisms and select for gram positives. If there is growth and the color of the agar turns yellow around the growth, this would mean that mannitol was fermented by the organism and the acid waste released by the bacterium lowered the pH around the growth. Since there was growth and no color change, the sample is said to be gram positive and unable to ferment mannitol (negative for differential). This result was also consistent with the given test results for M. Luteus.

The last and final test of media is the citrate utilization test. The method of inoculation for this test is taking a sterile needle and streaking the slant of agar with a fish tale pattern from the bottom to the top. Later once the citrate test tube is incubated over night the agar can be looked at for results. Results Bloody Red with a Swiss (Carter 2017)

The purpose of this study, the Role of Citric Acid in Intermediate Metabolism in Animal Tissues, is to examine the intermediate steps of the oxidative breakdown of citrate that occurs when carbohydrates are exposed to anaerobic fermentation in animal tissue. Anaerobic fermentation is a metabolic pathway in which sugar is consumed when lacking the presence of oxygen. Oxygen starved muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation which is the metabolic pathway in which pyruvate is turned into lactic acid for energy. An intermediate step is a stage that occurs in between the starting products and ending products of a metabolic pathway. Specifically in this experiment, the breakdown of the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen is the main focus.

By using acid-base titration, we determined the suitability of phenolphthalein and methyl red as acid base indicators. We found that the equivalence point of the titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide was not within the ph range of phenolphthalein's color range. The titration of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide resulted in an equivalence point out of the range of methyl red. And the titration of ammonia with hydrochloric acid had an equivalence point that was also out of the range of phenolphthalein.. The methyl red indicator and the phenolphthalein indicator were unsuitable because their pH ranges for their color changes did not cover the equivalence points of the trials in which they were used. However, the

I think this because by adding chemicals/preservative to the lemon juice and storing in the freezer for a long time, it would drop the acidity whereas a fresh lemon would be higher as it is fresh and chemicals are not added to it.

The acid-test ratio subtracts the value of the firm's inventory from its total current assets . Because inventory is often difficult to sell , this radio is considered an even more reliable measure of a business's ability to repay loans than the current ratio . Calculate the acid-test ratio for each business and decides whether you would give either the loan . why or why not ?

"Try new things" has always been an important saying to me. If you never venture outside of your comfort zone, you might never realize how much something could positively impact your life. That being said, I strongly agree with Ralph Waldo Emerson's statement, "Unless you try to do something beyond what you have already mastered, you will never grow." Emerson's statement relates to modern day science. In the book "Acid Test" by Tom Shroder, the author informs the reader on the use of psychedelic drugs, such as LSD and psilocybin, to treat mental illness. With the population's intense adversity to the use of these drugs, testing of this theory has been made incredibly difficult. However, in the tests that have been executed, these drugs

An acid-base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing the acid/base with an acid or base of known concentration. This allows for quantitative analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid

4 Tests/ Parameters that are evaluated to classify bacteria are: procedure’s that determine an organism’s ability to ferment carious carbohydrates; utilize various substrates such as specific amino acids, starch, citrate, and gelatin; or produce waste products such as hydrogen sulfide gas and also differences in fatty acid composition of bacteria are also used to distinguish between bacteria.