Comparing The Four Mechanisms Of Kin Recognition

The purpose of the research was to formulate a question and develop a hypothesis based on the variations observed between two populations of threespine stickleback, in order to gain a better understanding of natural selection

The group discovered is more closely related to anteaters than to the other sloths (Document B). Though all of the groups (populations A-D and the anteaters), trace back to one common point, the newly discovered population of sloths is closer to anteaters than it is to the other three populations of sloths. This difference even is evident on the genetic level. The team geologist recorded that the new population shares “little to no common genes with other populations” of sloths in the region (Document E). Therefore, the new group is not closely related to the preexisting

Misty copeland was born on september ,10 ,1982 in Kansas city Missouri. Misty was the 4th child out of 6 children.copeland’s Mother Delacerna,was married multiple times and have many boyfriends. The family of 7 moved plenty of times under trouble conditions.The family finally settled down in San Pedro,California.Delacerna 4th husband was very violent. He physically and emotionally abused his wife,and stepchildren,using racial words and slurs.After Delacerna left the 4th husband, Delacerna and her 6 children moved into a motel.Copeland joined the boys and girls club ballet team.When Misty was only 13 she moved in with Bradly(her dance teacher),to be closer to the dance studio.Later on when misty was only 15 years old, Delacerna said that it

The results show that under selection factors and environmental differences natural selection determines which allele should become more common. In the control simulation the frequency of white alleles to brown alleles, once this mutation was added, was about the same amount. It was almost half white and half brown. In simulation two the environment was an equatorial climate such as a forest and wolves were used as the predatory influence. Once the predatory factor was introduced it can be seen that the alleles of white fur decreased and at the end of the simulation the allele was almost lost. Thus, brown fur alleles were naturally selected in the equatorial environment. The fur color blends in with the environment helping them become harder to find by predators. Whereas, for the white bunnies their phenotype stood out in an equatorial environment causing them to be caught easily. Hence, it can be said that the brown fur alleles had a higher fitness which is why their occurrence was greater and that the white allele was less fit leading to less offspring being produced. Consequently, this supports my hypothesis that the brown fur allele would have a higher frequency in the equatorial environment.

The second factor, allopatric speciation, occurred between the two rodents’ habitat. This is when a population is divided by a geographic barrier which prevents interbreeding between the two populations. These species are found on two different islands, so the water in between separates the two populations from interacting with one another. Due to this, both species could have developed changes in courtship rituals, developed new traits, and undergone changes to adapt to their environment.

There are many differences present between species in the animal kingdom. There are also many variations of breeds, mutations within the same species, behavior, etc. Neil Shubin’s “Your Inner Fish” focuses on the similarities rather than differences of behaviors, variation in animal psychology, and morphology because of habitat. This book emphasizes three types of evidence. The first are the similarities between body parts of living creatures to compare common ancestry. The second are the indications from microbiology to also compare common ancestry. Finally, the details provided of the “missing link” between amphibians and fish.

History is the foundation of everyone alive and deceased. Everyone in this world leaves a piece behind and marks the world in their own way. In history, important people who have done horrible and good things in this world have been recorded and displayed to children in schools. I mostly agree with the “The Politics of History by Howard Zinn” because it displays the fact that nearly every event in history has been done with a motive and has had consequences. A quote from Zinn’s work represents this is, “History is not inevitably useful.

The evolution of egg laying mammals such as the platypus and the echidna has only occurred in Australia and thus can only be studied firsthand in Australia. I am hoping that this Study Abroad program in Perth, Australia will broaden my horizons of evolutionary study through a research opportunity as well as unique ecological experiences that would allow me to discover an enticing and new application for my interest. The networking opportunities will be extremely beneficial, both as possible connections and as a learning opportunity. The University of Western Australia has a Centre for Evolutionary Biology with several researchers whose research projects I would love to be a part of. For example, Associate Professor Cyril Grueter is pursuing the evolutionary basis of how different primate social groups interact with each other, and Dr. Stephania King behavioral biologist who is investigating the evolution of communication in bottlenose dolphins. It would be a life-changing opportunity to work with and learn from either of these researchers, as I plan on pursuing a research opportunity while I am abroad in Australia. The diversity of animals and habitats Australia offers provide a unique opportunity that I am excited to interact with in any capacity, including exploring its natural wonders in all of the national parks near

A species’ long-term reproductive success is the most important factor when determining whether that species cooperatively breeds. Cooperative breeding is when an individual forgoes reproducing to assist offspring that are not their own (Hoogland 1983). Although there is an absence of direct fitness, individuals still gain genetics benefits through kin selection (Queller & Strassmann 1998). Kin selection allows some of the individual’s genes to pass on to the next generation by helping his or her relatives, who carry similar genes, to raise their young (Queller & Strassmann 1998). Individuals that help their kin raise their young, also known as helpers, perform tasks, like feed, groom, and watch the young. They also protect the territorial boundaries and alert other individuals of incoming threats (Jennions and MacDonald 1994). The best way to analyze the effectiveness of cooperative breeding is through a species’

Chimpanzees (Figure 1) are the closest living relatives to us, and they share 99 percent of our DNA (1). Chimpanzees have distinct group territoriality. Male chimpanzees “patrol” near the boundary between the two ranges, at that time they move very carefully and quietly, and they can cease to listen and observe the range of their neighbors. Patrolling individuals are likely to face cruel and violent

Researchers found that both sea otters and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins use tools in the wild. For the dolphins, they decided that tool use is in their mitochondrial DNA, and it is inherited. Because of this, researchers wanted to find if it is inherited in sea otters too. Scientists studied the diet, tool use, and DNA of 197 wild sea otters off of the California coast. They discovered that the tool using sea otters do not share a similar mitochondrial DNA, and they are not closely related. This lead them to believe that sea otters use tools because their ancestors had to use them, and sea otters now only use tools when it is necessary for food. This new discovery impacts animals and the scientific world because the behavior of tool

A group of scientists decided to look into the conundrum to gain a better understanding of how the shift in environment of Aratus altered behaviors. As the distributions of species shift, the vegetative structures found in the environment alter special behaviors. Behavioral plasticity and adaptation of a species when introduced to a new environment are pertinent to the survival of newly

Turtles and Tortoises have existed millions of years since prehistoric days yet research conducted on their socialization and behavior appears scarce, despite their longevity. As research by Davis has summarized, “Turtles are little studied with respect to learning, cognition and social behavior in spite of being phylogenetically a central group” (Davis, Karen Pg. 12). Those owning these intriguing reptiles are interested in the culture known as Hobbyists of Chelonian or Terrapins. The discourse community culture relies upon accessible research information, and tends to gather a majority of their knowledge via online blogs or forums. We know so little about these fascinating creatures; possibly due to the fact they are perceived as slow and

The ability to recognize particular individuals becomes highly important when living in a social setting, for many Pinnipeds living in a collective group atmosphere this capability proves highly beneficial, especially for mothers. By merging numerous studies centered on vocal and kin recognition, as well as the evolutionary forces driving such a unique skill set and their impact on the fitness of the species in general, under a more critical lens, a better understanding of these social animals can be established. The following collection of research is divided into multiple subsets focusing on both the proximate and ultimate causes associated with individual recognition within the various families of Pinnipeds.

1. Identify and define the mental processes that account for mistakes in identifying strangers. Also identify the circumstances that affect the accuracy of perceptions in identifying strangers.