Comparing The Musculoskeletal System On The Mammals, Fish And Birds

During whale evolution many skeletal changes occurred, the whale started out as an animal that mostly hunted and existed on land and slowly evolved. The skeletal system of a whale got much longer, its body developed new structures to help increase its survivability such as its flippers.

In this exercise, we will examine a fresh raw chicken bone to study bone structure.

12. What are the 3 types of cartilage and where would you find each type?

The skeletal system is made up of cartilage and bone. Both bone and cartilage are connective tissues, that is, they are composed of cells in a matrix with intracellular fibers. Just imagine connective tissue as a gelatin salad with grapes and coconut. The grapes would represent cells, the gelatin the support material for matrix, and the pieces of coconut the intracellular fibers. By changing the amounts of each ingredient and adding extra substances, we can produce a material that is very hard like bone and can withstand weight or softer like cartilage which can be used as a cushioning material. In this exercise, we will examine a fresh raw chicken bone to study bone

The bony collar of long bones helps them withstand compressive stress by the mechanism described in #4A above (i.e. hydroxyapatite, weight-bearing pillars). In addition, long bones also withstand compressive forces by virtue of the spongy ("cancellous") bone in the epiphyses. The interlocking network of bony plates (called "trabeculae") found in spongy bone help to distribute the weight of the body out to the tough bony collar of the diaphysis. In this way, bony plates act much like the trusses or struts in old-time railroad bridges which distribute the weight of the train evenly over the entire bridge.

features of the musculoskeletal system that moves the body and its importance in relation to correctly moving and

In marine mammal biology a large portion of the study is dedicated towards the study of adaptations to the marine environment. By comparing the anatomy between marine mammals and terrestrial mammals scientists can better understand evolutionary history of how these two categories of mammals diverged from one another. The purpose of this lab was to study the anatomy of different marine and terrestrial mammals and compare their similarities and differences in homologous traits and how adaptations were made specifically for marine mammals to survive the aquatic environment. To accomplish this bones of different species of animals were studied since these structures serve as the basis for comparison across species as well as an indicator of each animal’s individual morphology and physiology. A standard measurement protocol for bones of particular regions of the skeleton was established with emphasis on length versus width ratio as well as it’s overall size relative to its more complex features, i.e. humerus length versus hand length.

Certain types of large snakes, in particular boas and pythons, and cetaceans, whales and dolphins, are shown to have homologous hip bones, a pelvis and femur. These bones have previously been considered vestigial--organ or body part which became redundant through the course of evolution--, but upon further research, have shown to serve a purpose.

Bones possess five important functions including, support, protection, movement, storage and blood cell formation (Marieb, 2012). Bones protect and support the body by acting as a rigid framework surrounding delicate organs and tolerating enormous pressure when weight bearing and moving (Marieb, 2012). Bones are also responsible for storing fat, minerals and producing blood cells (hematopoiesis) within the cavities of bone marrow (McCance & Huether, 2014) (Marieb,

Belonging to different animal classes, the skeletons of humans and chickens have similarities alongside expected differences. Analyzing a chicken skeleton led to the discovery that while there are certainly visible differences between the bodies, both skeletons have a myriad of bones in common. For example, the bones that both the chicken and human skeleton have in common include: the mandible, the clavicle, the sternum, the scapula, the humerus, and the patella. However, despite the common bones, the chicken skeleton contains bones that humans do not have such as the pygostyle, furcula, and sclerotic ring, while as humans have bones that chickens do not share such as the hyoid, calcaneus, and stapes.

Long bones – they allow movements particularly in the limbs e.g. thigh bone, lower leg bones, collar bones, upper arm bone and the lower arm bone and hand, foot and finger and toe bones.

The skeletal system is made up of bones and joints. Bones are a dry dense tissue that is composed of calcium phosphorous and organic matter. The bones are protected and covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue membrane called the periosteum (Brown, et al., 2015, p. 1547). There are two basic types of bone tissue: Compact Bone and Spongy Bone. Compact bones are dense smooth bones, while Spongy bones are composed of small needle-like pieces of bones and open space. Bones are then categorised according to the shape of the bone into four groups: long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones characteristically are typically longer then they are wide and generally have a shaft with heads at either ends e.g. the humerus. They are mainly compact bones. Short bones

Bone serves the organism at multiple levels: As a system, bones permit the organism to locomote effectively and to maintain posture by bearing loads without deformation, by providing rigid attachment sites for muscles and acting as a system of levers to amplify small movements. As an organ, bones protect the viscera and house the hemopoietic tissue (red marrow). As a tissue, bones serve as a reservoir of readily mobilizable calcium, an

A bird 's breastbone, or sternum, is shaped like a keel to attach the powerful wing muscles. The bones of a bird 's wings are surprisingly small compared to the size of the wing. All the bones and muscles of the wing are in the front and covered with feathers that protect and streamline the wing. The actual flight feathers are attached to the wing within little pits in the bones.

The main goal for many agricultural producers across the country is to annually improve the quality of their stock. For certain companies such as Cargill and JBS who are two of the largest protein distributors across the globe, an improvement for their stock could be reaching their end point faster. For other operations involved in the purebred or show aspect of the industry improving the quality could mean producing better structured animals who are larger framed.