Destiny Dunham
Professor Westman
CAT 1
8 November 2016 Foscarini and Galileo Paper Prior to the seventeenth century, geocentrism was nearly universally accepted. The views of Aristotle and Ptolemy became common teachings in universities and the church. It had been common practice to see the Earth as the concrete and unmoving center of the universe, and the sun as but another heavenly body which rotated around the Earth. However, as technology was expanding, new inventions and devices were appearing that would soon cause a disturbance in the views of geocentrism. Although all the necessary factors for the telescope existed as early as the mid sixteenth century, the first actual designs of telescopes were not seen until around the very start of the seventeenth century (Helden). Despite the advancements made, these designs still were very rough and had rather weak magnification ranging only around three to four times the naked eye (Helden). Furthermore, the telescope’s advancements did not create a large following until the development of the telescope by Galileo Galilei in 1609. With his developments on the instrument, Galileo was able to produce a magnification of up to 20 times the naked eye (Helden). With this instrument, Galileo was able to observe the heavens and make numerous new discoveries. He had observed that Jupiter had “heavenly bodies” orbiting it, much like the moon is in orbit around the Earth (Helden). This, along with more of Galileo’s discoveries were
Although, Galileo did not invent the telescope, he is thought as the inventor of the telescope. Hans Lippershey was the person who invented the telescope in 1608. Galileo learned about the spyglass in 1609. He thought that learning about spyglass was so exciting and interesting. His interest of the spyglass led him to the discovery of improving the telescope. In order to discover deeper, Galileo began to experiment with making the telescope and polished the lenses of his own telescope to increase the range about eight to nine times further. Due to Galileo’s improvement of his telescope’s range, he was the first person to discover sunspots, to see the moon’s craters, and to keep on track of the phases of
Galileo used the telescope to prove his evidence surrounding the Copernicus theory. In 1609, Galileo made his first telescope after hearing about Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Lippershey who made the original. Galileo's telescope was capable of magnifying up to 8 times, whereas Lippershey's telescope could only magnify up to 3 times. On the 8th of August 1609, Galileo presented his new invention to the Senate in Venice. When the Senate saw the power of Galileo's telescope, they doubled his salary to help him improve. Although Galileo's telescope wasn't the first, he was the first to make it public, and present it to mainstream
Galileo(1564-1642) Made the telescope better and he used the telescope to observe planets, and he proves kepler’s theory, saw the imperfection of planets, and saw a storm on a planet also saw craters.
Galileo’s ambition pushed him to go further, and in the fall of 1609 he made the fateful decision to turn his telescope toward the heavens. Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galileo observed the moon and found Venus had phases like the moon, proving it rotated around the sun, which refuted the Aristotelian doctrine that the Earth was the center of the universe. He also discovered Jupiter had revolving moons that didn’t revolve around planet Earth. In 1613, he published his observations of sunspots, which also refuted Aristotelian doctrine that the sun was perfect.
Instead, Galileo improved the magnification of the spyglass and used it to look at the sky, creating the telescope. At that time, the spyglass could only magnify objects to three times their original size. Galileo refined the lens, allowing it to magnify things up to first eight, then later, in 1610, 30 times their original size. By using this telescope, he was able to observe the movement of objects in the sky, such as stars and planets, that supported the Copernicus’s theory of heliocentrism - that the sun was the center of the universe. He also found that the moon was not completely smooth, as most people at the time assumed it would be. Instead, it had was bumpy and had hills and
He also progressed the universal law of acceleration by finishing his theories on motion and falling objects (Galileo). After discovering the law of acceleration, Galileo began creating his own telescope. He built a telescope that could magnify at thirty power. When he turned his telescope to the sky, the things he discovered revolutionized astronomy. He saw the jagged edges on the moon, which he later realized were mountains. He was astonished when he turned his telescope to the Milky Way and observed that it was composed of many stars. He also observed the four moons of Jupiter and he even calculated how long it took them to make a full revolution (Galilei, n. pag). This was a phenomenal accomplishment for his time
Him being a natural scientist he wanted to create ways to make life easier. One of his most known inventions is the telescope. Galileo learned the art of lens grinding, after the discovery of an instrument found in the netherlands. The instrument was able to make distant objects appear closer and it made galileo want to master the secret invention. Thus, mastering the telescope, Galileo uses the telescope to see the moon has craters in it.
Galileo Galilei a renaissance paragon, from mathematics to medicine to the study of the skies, astronomy. Attributing science discoveries to the renaissance era, an era in which the achievements of man are to be celebrated (textbook), with this new ideology new ways of thinkings began . Discovering Jupiter’s moons in a time of weak and few technological tools. With these discoveries Galileo Galilei strengthened the argument that the solar system revolved around the sun rather than earth strengthening the argument of a Heliocentric solar system. Although proving and defending this theory at the time proved to be a dangerous act, moreover Galileo’s discovered moons go on in history and are even named after him as the Galilean moons. These discoveries at the time proved Galileo as a determined character, proving these theories and defending himself to those that attempted to hinder Galileo's discoveries proved Galileo as a rebellious act. Similarly perceiving Galileo as independent due to his forward
Galileo used the scientific instrument, that was only founded the year before by the Dutch, the telescope into a more powerful version. “When Galileo read of it, he quickly set about making a much more powerful version. The Dutch telescopes magnified images by 3 times; Galileo's telescopes magnified them by 8 to 30 times.”(Zax.[Database]) In 1609, Galileo built a telescope and observed the moon. With observing the moon he found and made drawings of the moon’s craters at different times each month. The following year, 1610, he announced that Jupiter had four moons of its own. Slowly pieces started coming together for Galileo. In 1611, Galileo found sunspots that would frequently appear through his telescope. After finding Jupiter’s four moons and sunspots, Galileo was thoroughly convinced that the sun is the center of the Universe, a theory that was first founded by Nicolaus
This allowed him to receive more income and more people started to recognize him. Galileo developed the universal law of acceleration, which all objects in the universe followed. In 1609, Galileo learned about the simple telescope that was already invented and so he created one of his own. He presented his work to some Venetian merchants, and they realized that the telescope could be used to spot ships and so they gave Galileo salary to make several of them. However, Galileo’s ambition pushed him to go further, and in the fall of 1609 he made the decision to turn his telescope toward the sky instead of looking at land. He became so interested in astronomy by looking through the telescope and found many discoveries. He wrote a book about all the things he learned like how the moon was not flat and smooth, but a sphere with mountains and how Jupiter had revolving moons, which didn’t revolve around the earth. His discoveries helped many people find out new things and make new discoveries of their own.
Have you ever looked to the stars and wondered how we could ever see something so far away? Well we can, greatly in part to a man named Galileo Galilei. Galileo made many contributions to modern science. Probably the most well known of Galileo's contributions to science is the invention of the telescope. Galileo’s life consisted of many important events; there were two main people who helped him do what he did; he made many important inventions and discoveries; and his discoveries are the basis of modern astronomy.
The first thing to know before anything is the terms, geocentrism and heliocentrism. Geocentrism is the theory, which states that the Earth is the center of the galaxy. Heliocentrism is the theory, which states that the Sun is the center of the galaxy. The ancient world thought that the theory of geocentrism was correct. However, the ancient world saw problems concerning the movement of the celestial bodies. The first problem was that some objects moved slower than other celestial beings. The second problem was that some objects had a different change in distances to the Earth. The third problem was that some objects looked like they were moving away from the Earth. However, Ptolemy, a famous astronomer, found answers to those questions that helped benefit the theory of geocentrism. To the first problem Ptolemy said that all the
Galileo’s observational discoveries in astronomy allowed for the basis to begin discrediting the old ideas in favor of a new understanding of the universe. The longstanding way of thought in astronomy favored a spherically rotating universe around the Earth with unchanging and perfectly symmetrical constellations and planets. The contemporaries of Galileo believed, for example, that the moon had the face of a shiny, polished sphere, whereas Galileo showed that the surface of the moon to be imperfect with rough mountainous areas along with deep valleys (or “seas” as he called them) marked with dark sports (Frova 162). This surface very much paralleled the rough surface of the Earth (meaning that Earth’s surface was not unique). Also with his improved telescope, Galileo was capable of viewing the stars with much more clarity. Galileo discovered newly formed stars and star clusters, which challenged the Aristotelian philosophy of an ageless universe. Additionally, Galileo observed four of Jupiter’s largest moons orbiting around the planet (Frova 179). His observations of Jupiter’s satellites did not agree with the idea that all heavenly bodies must rotate around a central Earth. Finally, and arguably most important, Galileo showed Venus’s phases and
In 1609, Galileo Galilei, using “spyglass” which allowed one to see things closer than they appeared, made an early version of the telescope. With it, he observed the skies in a way no one had before. He discovered the moon isn’t perfectly globular, it has craters, the Sun has sunspots, Venus orbits the Sun (contrary to widespread belief in his time), and then he observed four “stars” around Jupiter (“Our Solar System”). Within
As briefly said before he improved the telescope. As to popular belief, Galileo did not in fact invent the telescope actually. A Dutch lens maker named Hans Lippershey invented the first one in 1608. He did this by creating a telescope that had a concave eyepiece aligned with a convex objective lens. His telescope could only magnify three time original object. Hans didn’t have a use for his telescope, however others made their own and used it for spying and sailing. In 1609 Galileo heard about this invention and decided to create his own. The tool that Galileo used was a refracting telescope. His initial version of his telescope only magnified 8x however it was soon refined to the 20x magnification. He accomplished