Computer Input Technologies
Introduction The interaction between humans and the machine is a relatively new science. When considering how the inputs to a computer started out, it is interesting to observe just how little has changed. For example, the QWERTY keyboard as part of the typewriter invented in the 1870s(2) far predates the concept of the modern digital computer as described by Alan Turing in 1936(3). Our tools to interact with our own machines have however been refined to be more convenient for the average user with interfaces such as optimised USB and layout studied for ergonomy. In recent years, input technologies have not only been improved but brand new ones have emerged like motion control for example. The future is bright
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Furthermore, trackballs are still quite common as scrollwheels in computer mouse devices. Interestingly, the invention of the computer ball mouse in 1968 sprang directly from the invention of the trackball. In a sense, the ball mouse is a “reversed” version of the same device. The trackball rolls on the surface instead of the user’s hands, however the tracking operates in the same way(1). This innovation in existing technology meant that the handheld-type design would later be upgraded as newer technologies took its place. Today, the ball mouse has been largely replaced by the optical and laser mouse. These types of mouse devices use LEDs to emit light onto the surface on which it sits, the reflected light is analysed by a set of photodiodes. Whether the mouse is laser or not depends on if the LEDs emit coherent light (laser) or not (optical). The main drawback of the optical mouse is that they only function on opaque and matte surfaces as they depend on the light reflecting the surfaces’ imperfections. The precision however is much improved from the ball mouse. Furthermore, less moving parts means more durability. The mouse really opened up the horizon for user interface navigation making it a key turning point in the history of input technologies.
The Keyboard
The keyboard has been for decades the main textual input device. In terms
As time moves on, people begin to forget about the little things, and focus more on the bigger picture. New discoveries are being made that can make a task become easier and more efficient to accomplish. However, not all of this new technology proves to be better. In Bonnie Laing’s “An Ode to the User-Friendly Pencil,” she argues about the benefits of a pencil while outlining the drawbacks of a computer. Laing’s viewpoint on this topic is convincing because she argues her perspective effectively, she uses rhetorical devices expertly to enhance her opinion, and the overall essay can be relatable to almost everyone.
In order to replace human senses, computers needed input devices for perception and data entry.
Wk9 Assignment 9.1 Ernest Prince 10/28/2016 I am originally from Nigeria and where I grew up we were technologically disadvantage the only system I saw at an early age was a typewriter. I remember watching on the television people using computers and the internet I promised to take it on myself to learn if given the opportunity. The first thing I started doing before I had the opportunity to use the system was to personally start educating myself by buying the book titled “computer for dummies”, I started practicing even without a computer to practice on I was not deterred but resumed picturing the image of all keys and functions until the day when I finally got the opportunity to use a computer everyone around me was surprised at my vast level
The rapid proliferation of computers has made both our social and business world more and more convenient. Although the first modern significant kind of computer was introduced the world in the 1940s, the major event which has changed the history of human- computer interaction was the advent of the graphical user interface at Xerox PARC in the 1970s. Along with a pointing device, typically a mouse, users are able to point to parts of the display. With the GUI which makes the interface to the computer primarily a visual medium, the virtual world inside the computer is portrayed graphically on the display. According to Shneiderman’s the future of interactive systems and the emergence of direct manipulation [1] in 1982, he describes the GUI paradigm as “direct manipulation”, which is a breakthrough.
In his paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” Alan Turing sets out to answer the question of whether machines can think in the same humans can by conceptualizing the question in concrete terms. In simple terms, Turing redefines the question by posing whether a machine can replicate the cognition of a human being. Yet, some may object to the notion that Turing’s new question effectively captures the nature of machines’ capacity for thought or consciousness, such as John Searle. In his Chinese room thought experiment, Searle outlines a scenario that implies machines’ apparent replication of human cognition does not yield conscious understanding. While Searle’s Chinese thought experiment demonstrates how a Turing test is not sufficient to establish that a machine can possess consciousness or thought, this argument does not prove that machines are absolutely incapable of consciousness or thought. Rather, given the ongoing uncertainty of the debate regarding the intelligence of machines, there can be no means to confirm or disconfirm the conscious experience of machines as well as the consciousness of humans by extension of that principle.
computing and how from a type writer we came to a device that allows us to multitask
Defining intelligence is extremely difficult and researchers now think that there are lots of different aspects to it, including; social, logical, creative, emotional and practical intelligence. The correct representation of the word is arguably a matter of opinion as there are many different definitions. With this argument in mind, it makes the task of arguing a Computers level of intelligence (if any) harder as, ultimately, each person’s definition could be different. A part of being intelligent is the ability for something/someone to be able to think for themselves which most computers aren’t able to do as they are simply programmed to perform certain functions which means that they are not in control of their response. However modern technologies have the propensity to make decisions based on an input from an end user. For example Apples ‘Siri’ service turns voice commands in visual and audio responses.
The historical backdrop of PC advancement is regularly alluded to in reference to the diverse eras of registering apparatuses. Each of the five eras of machines is portrayed by a real mechanical improvement that at heart changed the way workstations work, bringing about progressively more modest, less expensive, all the more effective and more productive and solid registering units.
The first ever computer was invented in the 1820s by Charlse Babbage. However the first electronic digital computer were developed between 1940 and 1945 in the United States and in the United Kingdom. They were gigantic, originally the size of a large room, and also need to be supply a large amount of power source which is equivalent as several hundred modern personal computers. The history of computer hardware covers the developments from simple devices to aid calculation, to mechanical calculators, punched card data processing and on to modern stored program computers. The tools or mechanical tool used to help in calculation are called calculators while the machine operator that help in calculations is called computer. At first the
When in conversation with another about a computer, there are several reference terms that generally need to be understood. Let’s assume that the readers of this document have the knowledge of what a computer, keyboard, screen, disk drives, mouse, and basic use functions are. The first topic to
Considerations for input design are shown in Table 20-4 on page 751 HC (page 641 SC).
Since ages, user interfaces needed the presence of user who should physically manipulate the inputs from the input devices like keyboards. However, it is desired to detect and monitor the physical movements of users within an environment. Automated systems can take the user motions and gestures from
The idea of portable touchscreen devices have been many years in the making, In the 1966 television show “Star Trek Captain Kirk had the PADD (Personal Access Display Device) (Star Trek)” , “The 1968 movie 2001: Space Odyssey, there was a similar device called the Newspad” (Sande). A device by the same name was described in Hitchhiker’s Guide to The Galaxy aired on BBC radio in weekly segments, starting on March 8, 1978, and published in a novel in 1979 (Adams)
Canny handheld gadgets have been utilized for almost 10 years as a part of the type of individual advanced colleagues (PDAs) and the first cell phones from merchants such as Research in Motion. Be that as it may, the presentation of the Apple iPhone and resulting iPad, alongside comparable gadgets controlled by programming from Google, Microsoft, and others, has introduced another period of versatile registering, with a huge number of cell phones and a huge number of tablets sold to customers and organizations. Three key elements have likely prodded the achievement of today 's tablets and cell phones. The movement from utilizing a stylus or physical console to multitouch cooperation’s with the gadget has for the most part brought about a superior, more natural client experience for customers; the
A ball computer mouse is a small hand-operated input device used to manipulate objects on a computer screen. It controls the movement of the arrow shown on the computer screen. The computer mouse was invented in 1963 by Douglas Engelbart. It was meant to make navigation through the computer easier. The mouse mirrors the movement of the arrow on the computer screen. The computer mouse got its name from its looks. The early version of the computer mouse was a small semicircle shaped device with a cord that attached the device to the computer. This oval shape with the cord resembled the common mouse.