CHAPTER 20 SYSTEMS DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION In chapter 18 we focused on the first phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle – Systems Analysis. Chapter 20 deals with the remaining four phases: - conceptual systems design - physical systems design - systems implementation and conversion - operation and maintenance CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS DESIGN In the conceptual systems design phase, the developer creates a general framework for implementing user requirements and solving problems identified in the analysis phase. As shown in Figure 20-1 on page 747 HC (page 637 SC), there are three main steps in conceptual design: 1. evaluating design alternatives, 2. preparing design specifications, and …show more content…
Typically prepared in response to a management request. Example: analysis of impact of a new government requirement on profitability 3. Triggered exception reports have a prespecified content and format but are prepared only in response to abnormal conditions. Example: cost overruns reports 4. Demand reports have a prespecified content and format but are prepared only on request. [pic] File and Database Design Various company segments need to store data in compatible formats so that data can be shared across units. Table 20-3 on page 750 HC (page 640 SC) summarizes some of the more important file and database design considerations: 1)storage medium 2) processing mode 3) maintenance 4) size 5) activity level Input Design Systems designers must identify the different types of data input and optimal input methods. There are two principal types of data input: • Forms • Computer screens Considerations for input design are shown in Table 20-4 on page 751 HC (page 641 SC). |1 |Medium |6 |Personnel | |2 |Source |7 |Frequency | |3 |Format |8 |Cost | |4 |Type |9 |Error detection & correction | |5 |Volume |10 |General1 | Note #1:
Design is the starting phase in the improvement stage for any built product or application. The designer will likely deliver a model or of requirement and representation that will later can be used. Starting, once application necessity have been analyzed and broke down into three configurations like the three perspectives one is design, code and test these are the main things require to build a software application.
The system must be easily understood to others who may need access; creating only the records that are necessary, using a sensible and logical naming system, keeping the files and records up to date by sorting them regularly are ways to keep the system productive, simple and efficient. Faster filing and retrieval,
3. How does the source of input differ between the MISs being designed for all consulting areas and the DSSs uniquely designed for each consulting area?
I made use of morphological analysis that is good for generating alternative solution ideas for the components and subsystems of products. The MET matrix is good for evaluating the potential envi-ronmental impacts of the concept design, although at this stage of development the impacts can only be roughly assessed.
· Structuring the data in the warehouse as either third normal form tables or in a star/snowflake schema that is not normalized
With the completion of the logical model, a physical model is outlined to portray the actual design of a database. Physical modeling illustrates the integration of the data requirements that were recognized during logical modeling into a system structure that will be implemented. A physical model creates objects using symbols such as tables and columns based on entities and attributes that were defined during logical modeling. Constraints, such as primary keys, foreign keys and other unique keys, are defined in this modeling phase. It is crucial to have a well-informed, knowledgeable design team in the development of the physical model. “To ensure that all information system needs are met, physical models are often developed jointly by a team representing the data administration, database administration, and application development areas” (CA ERwin Data Modeler Methods Guide – CA, n.d.). Physical modeling is database specific, which means the objects defined during physical modeling can vary depending on the database software being used. The hardware of a company
The design process is a critical point in development between designers and users; it allows for the designers to understand the audience it is reaching and what that audience is looking for. The design process has several steps before the launch of a product or installment of a software. The process must start with the user and task analysis understanding what the product is going to be used for and what the day-to-day operations are of the people using it (McCracken, 2004). The
The chapter consists of requirements, criteria, factors, elements, and principles that gives insight on how to solve the Final Design project. The conceptual framework is a tentative theory (answer) for the research and design questions and represents the knowledge gained on how to solve a practical problem in the specific situation.
In a typical OLTP system the database performance is crucial, as end-user interface responsiveness is one of the most important factors determining usefulness of the application. That kind of a database needs to
Using the design specification, the system is developed and elements built. Additionally, the system will also be tested and user training will happen.
The design phase is where the team kicks things into gear and put their minds to the task at hand and create what their certified in. For example, the video programmer will create the instruction video clips that will deliver information to the learner. The video programmer will then limit the videos to the web developer who is responsible for adding things to the web. The software designer will have the responsibility of creating compatible, user friendly type software that users can have access to maneuver to engage in different learning experiences and gain meaningful knowledge. Once the floor plan is complete the producer of the plan moves to the next phase of the model mentioned, the “D” which is the developing stage is when the plan leaves the paper and comes to life. The developmental stage is where many of the analyzed data used to create a ubiquitous material that all users from including staff, administration and prospective learners can have access to it without any type of issue. The developer of this experience knows how much of a challenge that is present when transferring the learning experience to an electronic database versus in person and using text and other multimedia like CD-ROMs, DVD’s, PowerPoints and other media that is not directly from the internet.
Type of Data: A data could be broadly classified in to three types viz. structured data, unstructured data and semi-structured data. Structured data are those which reside in a fixed field within a record or a file such as customer’s name, address, phone number etc. Unstructured data refers to information that is not organized in a pre-defined manner. Examples of Unstructured model include images, videos, word presentations etc. It is estimated that unstructured data occupies almost 80% of all available data in organizations. Semi-structured data are those that do not have a strict data model. For example, an email contains both structured data such as sender’s name, recipient’s name and subject and also unstructured portion such as attachments and body of the letter. (http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/structured_data.html).In an integrated, 3-tier architecture such data are handled by XML as data traverses through various layers via an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB).Thus, choosing a database requires the type of data to be taken in to consideration .
Below shows the diagram flow of how the prototyping model concept works and in each point I shall explain its definition.
The basis of the diagram is that of user acceptance and consideration; this stage focuses on the people within the organisation, their needs and the working environment. This is done in order to produce the most effective design to suit the company.
This is one of the most important steps when system analysis is performed. The objective of system analysis is to move the system to the desired stage. Goal, input, and output of the system of interest will be identified in this step. It is important to know those elements along with circumstances, factors, conditions, values, and patterns of the system of interest. This step basically generates the framework/scope of the system analysis process.