Conductivity In Ivy Creek

Codi noticed an irregularity in the river when her biology students and herself tested the pH of the river and found that it was very acidic. The Environmental

The pH scale is 1 to 14, 7 being the best quality. To the right is a pH scale. 7 is what the water should be. 7 is also what we had for the creek average. We had a higher number of rocks neutralizing acid (limestone is the stone found mostly in the creek) than the ones that don’t. this means that the acid rain we get is mostly neutralized by limestone in the stream. We get acid rain from Philadelphia. This is because of the massive steel companies. All of the toxic smoke comes over and comes down in the conodoguinet as acid rain. So the creek is non-acidic and non-alkaline.

“The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity (sic) of the solution. The letters pH stand for power of hydrogen and the numerical value defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions.” (PH, 2002). The pH scale is from 0 to 14. When the pH is higher, the hydrogen ions are fewer and the substance considered alkaline. This means when a pH unit increases by one, there is a tenfold change in the hydrogen ion. For example, if a substance has a 7 pH, it has 10 times as many as hydrogen ions available as 8 pH. A lake having a water pH between 6.5 and 8.5 is considered to be neutral. Researchers tested Peckham Park lake water monthly from August 2015 to April 2016 for water pH levels. A water quality PH test strip taken from a jar and dipped into the lake. After a few minutes, the strip will turn a color and this color determines the pH. The jar the strips came in has a chart of the colors on the back which compared to the color on the strip. The lake tested monthly using the PH test strips, which show the pH level, hardness, toxic, etc. using color-change

PH is . a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. The tests my group and I did was Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate, phosphate, and the alkalinity tests. We also tested the rocks to see if they could neutralize the rocks. Neutralize renders something in effective or harmless applying an opposite force of effect. The two rocks that we studied were limestone and sandstone.

In the past 22 years, there has been a relatively consistent trend of a constant or no detectable concentration of copper in all of the waterways, except for the Beaver Mud Dump, after the initial dramatic decrease after 1995 in some areas. Of the three concentrations analyzed, sulfate has the most fluctuation in data reports. In some years, the concentration levels exceed or come close to meeting the levels that were present in 1995. Schinzel Flats and the Headwaters of Wightman Fork have consistently had some of the lowest concentrations of sulfate, while Alum Creek and the Beaver Mud Dump have

One of the things students tested in the creek was the chemical composition. We were testing for eutrophication and acid rain pollution. As was aforementioned, eutrophication is extra nutrients in the water. It comes from runoff from the land through the form of overfertilization and sewage treatment plants. The tests performed to test for eutrophication were nitrate and phosphate tests. The phosphate and nitrate tests were conducted by filling a cup with water and breaking the tip of an ampule so it would fill with water. The liquid in the ampule would change color based on the amount of phosphate or nitrate in the water. Phosphate is a salt or ester of phosphoric acid containing PO43− or a related anion or a group such as —OPO(OH)2 in fertilizers and sewage treatment plants. Either or both of those two things could have runoff from the land and drained into the creek. They are negative to the creek. Our results showed that the creek

The graph that has been made explains the relationship between 0the salinity and conductivity including the trials. The graph showed that salinity was increasing and as a result conductivity was also increasing. The trend line showed the direct and stable relationship which was whenever salinity increases conductivity also increases. The equation from excel was y=999.66x+646.4. R2 was = 0.99656. Then we solve the equation to get the answer for the salinity. We start with plugging the conductivity number instead of Y and the we solve the equation to get the salinity which we be 15.85ppt. As a result the salinity of the Seven River estuary is equal to

In summary, there are many different factors that contribute to the health of the Susquehanna River. The factors include the pH, temperature, phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen levels. Another factor is the wildlife living in and around the water. A healthy pH level is from five to eight. The tested level was within this range! The temperature was also at a good level because it was cold enough to have the healthy level of dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen level was about nine. The nitrate levels were excellent, but the phosphate levels were just good because they were slightly above where they are supposed to be. Also, by analyzing the types of macroinvertebrates in the river, the level of pollution can be evaluated. The

We have performed three test to investigate the concentration of metal, pH of water, water temperature and the level of dissolved oxygen in the river. It helps us to discover the reason of the event and find out solution.

The average temperature was approximately 9.67 C. The temperature of the water is significantly impacted by the amount of cool wind the area receives, the amount of sunlight, and the time of year in which the temperature was measured. These factors allow for the water to maintain significantly cooler throughout the year. Also affected by wind are the velocity and rate of flow of the stream. The average velocity is 0.29 meters per second (m/s) and the rate of flow is 41.30 meters3 per second (m3/s). The velocity and rate of flow in the area are higher because it was closer to the dam and also contained areas that were more elevated than some. Sunlight, on the other hand, also affected the turbidity and the photic zone. The turbidity of the stream was 26.50 centimeters (0.265 meters), while the photic zone was 0.42 meters. The photic zone is the depth of the water that receives the greatest amount of sunlight that is then used to carry out photosynthesis. Turbidity is an indicator of how much algae or sediments is present in a lake because it affects the visibility of the water. The cloudiness of the water is caused by the dissolved particles scattering light molecules within the water. The average depth of the water is 9.50 meters and the average width of the water is 14.99 meters. The measurements of the width and depth are not affected by anything. According to Trout

On our following field trip to the Conodoguinet Creek, our mission was to determine if the creek was polluted or not. We tested different kinds of experiments with measurements to determine, in our opinion if the creek was polluted. We would then travel to different stations to collect the following data that would reveal the truth about the creek. If the Conodoguinet Creek is polluted then the phosphate level will be high.

To fully analyze Spring Creek, the collected samples must be representative of the depth and width of this creek. To make sure that the width of all the samples was represented, the boat moved side to side of the entire channel of as samples of the water surface were collected. To get samples that are representative of the depth, the geologists sampled the upper 0.2 to 2.5m of the river using a three-meter long tube with a diameter of five centimeters. The shores of the Spring Creek were also sampled in order to determine if there was any deposition of heavy metals along the shores (Alpers, Taylor, Domagalski, 2000).

This lab compared two different streams against each other from a biological, physical and chemical bases. From this lab we are able to see the differences and similarities as well as the differences between each streams. For the Tippecanoe river there was a total of 20 organisms, 7 from the upstream transect and 13 from the downstream transect. This differed from Cherry creek have a total of 209 organism. This total was split a 110 down from upstream and 99 from the down stream transect.

Through water-quality testing, water-temperature, isotopic, and radiochemical data, the recharge of the springs is believed to have both a primary hot water component, as well as a secondary cold water component. Widespread distribution of fractures enables mixing of the hot and cold water components of flow near the discharge area of the springs (Bell and Hays, 2007). Water quality shows notable differences in water chemistry during base flow and storm flow conditions. Providing further evidence of the mixing relatively close to the surface.

Conductivity is the ability to pass on electrical current within a solution, a metal or even a gas. It can be affected by other chemical related factors such as the concentration, temperature and also the mobility and valence of ions. Yet the most conductive form occurs within aqueous solutions as it contains both cations and anions; where the solvent stabilises the attracting ions through a process called solvation. Within the various levels of ionic strength from low to high electricity flow, electrolytes can either be strong or weak, according to the reaction. Strong electrolytes are substances that are fully ionised in solution due to the positive and negative ions that migrate under the influence of an electric field. Therefore the concentration