Cheryce Smith
PHY 211
Lab #7
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this experiment is to calculate the gravitational potential energy through experimental values, to calculate the theoretical potential energy given the experimental kinetic energy in an isolated system while also using the kinetic energy to find the spring constant, and to compare kinetic energies and potential energies in an isolated system to see if they are equivalent.
METHOD
To calculate the gravitational potential energy through experimental values, we dropped a racquetball from a height of one meter and measured the height at which the ball bounced back up from the ground. These values were used to find the total mechanical energy that was
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Therefore, the initial kinetic energy and the final potential energy should be equivalent. Knowing this, we can solve for the height the ball should have reached knowing the initial kinetic energy.
12mv2= mgh
Because mass is on both sides of the equation, it can be cancelled out, and the kinetic energy needs to be divided by g in order to find the height, in meters, that the ball should have reached at its maximum potential energy.
v22g= h
Now, substituting the average velocity from the short-range experiment into this formula, we can find the height the ball should have reached.
3.3822g= h
h= .58 m
The ball should have reached a height of .58 m at maximum potential energy with short-range settings.
Medium Range:
5.4322g= h
h= 1.50 m
The ball should have reached a height of 1.5 m at maximum potential energy with medium range settings.
Long Range:
7.1422g= h
h= 2.60 m
The ball should have reached a height of 2.6 m at maximum potential energy with the long-range settings.
None of the experimental values showed the ball reaching the height at which maximum potential energy was to have occurred. Every trial measurement fell short of that value (was less than). This would most likely be due to air resistance as it would be acting in the opposite direction of the ball’s path, making the ball’s distance traveled less than what would have been theorized.
Part C: Elastic Potential Energy
To
During the bounce test, the ball may have been released from different points. Although it was supposed to be released from its bottom, human error may have compromised the precision of this measurement. To improve the design of the bounce test, the ball’s bottom point should be marked, and the ball should always be released from there. During the ramp test, the ball may also have been released from different points. Although the ball was supposed to be placed on the ramp so that it would be released from the front, human error may also have compromised the precision of this measurement. In addition, human error may have caused unintentional and unnecessary force applied to the ball. To solve these design issues, a door should be made that holds the ball at a certain position for a fixed amount of time before the experimenter released the ball. During the catapult test, the ball may have been held back for an excessive amount of time. To resolve this experimental design issue, a fixed time to hold the ball back should be
The ball uses this kinetic energy to move up the usually 6 to 7 degree incline to the top of the playing field. The kinetic
Section Heading: The reason I think the golf ball will go the farthest is because it has the most density and density means “to have the degree of compactness of a substance.”I believe the tennis ball will go the second farthest because it has almost little density and it has no core at all and it's hollow.When the ball is hit with the most density it will give it the weight and power to travel great distance but unless the ball has to much weight it won’t go far.The baseball has the least greatest density so I gathered information
1. The ball has potential energy while momentarily at rest at the top of the path.
If we measured in meters then a=4.9.) t is the time in seconds, v0 is the initial velocity of 30 feet per second, and s0 is the initial height or 4 feet. Thus we have:
In the first experiment, “ How does mass affect your game?” it shows that the data on “Ball- Mass 3” that the 10 pound bowling ball had the highest kinetic energy of 27(J), the greatest velocity (m/s) of 3.42, and in average it produced 4 bowling points. According to the data, on “ Ball- Mass 1” the 11 pound ball got an average velocity (m/s) of 3.14, the kinetic energy of 24 (J), and the average bowling points of 3. On the other hand, the evidence shows that the 12 pound bowling ball in “ Ball- Mass 2” has the velocity (m/s) of 3.12, the kinetic energy of 23 (J), and the average bowling points of 4 . Concluding that in my Game 1 the velocity of the masses of the bowling balls decreased when the bowling balls were heavier and that the kinetic energy was lower as the mass increased in the bowling balls.
In order to make our lives easier, we placed all objects on whole numbers. Our “hoop” was placed at 10 feet, our “person” was placed 15 feet away from the “hoop” and the vertex of our parabola was 21 feet high and 7 feet away from the “hoop”. We did this because it was one of the solutions where the ball could go into the hoop. Doing so, the h value was changed to 7 and the k value was changed to 21. The effect that has on the shot is, it changes the distance from the vertex to the hoop and k effects the height of the vertex. By changing these values it changed the path of the ball, making a successful
A factor that affects the energy needed to bounce a basketball is what type of surface the bounced on.
The sketch below shows the trajectory of a projectile propelled with an initial velocity V0 at an angle 8. Neglecting air resistance the horizontal range travelled is given
Gravity tries to slow the ball down, which cause the velocity, or speed, to get smaller. When gravity reaches its point it cause the ball to stop at its highest point. The ball at this point has no up and down point, so the maximum point of the ball is 0. Once it reaches 0 it goes down immediately. Now the vertical point of velocity is in the opposite direction and the horizontal is the
How much potential energy does a baseball have just before the release of the pitch and just before contact with the bat? How much kinetic energy does a baseball have at the release of the pitch and after contact with the
Lastly, the launch angle also has a great effect on the distance traveled. If projected at 90° the ball would only be thrown vertically upwards and back down to the person. There would be no horizontal change in position but a great maximum height. The greatest horizontal distance is reached between 40° and 50°. For this reason the launch angle affects the
We have this problem with the ball “dropping” at an apparent average of 1.2 feet per second, according to the article. That’s hardly a drop in anyone’s book. Since any object in freefall accelerates at an average of 32
By using Eq (4.4) we can calculate for a [a= m/M+m * g, a = (20 g /(283.2 g + 20 g)) * 9.81 m/s2= 0.646 m/s2]. The value of a (a= 0.5067 m/s2 +/- 0.01709 m/s2) we calculated for is not consistent with the expected value of 0.646 m/s2. As stated before, the probably cause of the inconsistency is the slight discrepancy during the experiment.
Step 9: Because we measured the lengths in centimeters rather than meters, we need to calculate are ‘g’ value into m/s2 so we can compare it to the SI unit for acceleration due to gravity. (Eg. 981.4/100 = 9.81 m/s2)