Control By Antibiotics And Antiseptics Lab Report

Rubbing alcohol, also known as isopropyl alcohol “refers to two water-soluble chemical compounds—ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol—that have generally underrated germicidal characteristics” (“Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities”). Ethyl alcohol kills bacteria in two ways: “protein denaturation and dissolving the lipid membrane” (“How Does Ethyl Alcohol Kill Bacteria?“). Next, Betadine, also known as Povidone-iodine is a solution [that is] often used in hand scrubs and hand rubs in hospital settings” (Ngan). It is used in “Treating minor wounds and infections, as well as killing bacteria” (“Povidone/ iodine solution”). Povidone-iodine’s way of killing bacteria is still being researched and “is yet to be fully understood, [but] it appears to have the ability to penetrate the cell wall of bacteria and affect their structure and function. This ensures their rapid destruction and helps protect against wound and skin infection” (“What is an Antiseptic”). Germ-X Hand Sanitizer is a hand gel that is used for waterless “washing” of hands to kill germs on the surface. It is an antiseptic primarily used by those who want to kill germs quickly and cannot wash their hands (Samuels). The formula contains about 63 percent ethyl alcohol according to livestrong.com (Samuels). Neosporin is a topical antibiotic used to

2. Which antibiotic was most effective in killing the bacterial lawn on each plate? Which was the least effective?

The Kirby- Bauer method is used to test antibiotics sensitivity to the microbe. Some antibiotics have broad-spectrum effect, which means they inhibit the growth of more than one microbe; while narrow spectrum only have an effective on one group of microbe. In order for this test to be effective a lawn of bacteria has to be made on Mueller- Hinton agar. This agar does two amazing things in the world of science. It contains a starch that makes it test plate transparent (easy to read results) and it control the rate of diffusion of the tested drug. Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin are the fours types of antibiotics that were use to test the sensitivity of the microbe to them. The microbe was resistant to Ampicillin;

Adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines at University Medical Center is poor within the study period. Supporting implementation of antibiotic stewardship program and making sure that all of prophylactic antibiotics are covered by Health Insurance are importance and necessary in order to improve effectiveness and appropriateness of antibiotic prophylaxis usage

Antiseptics are chemical agents that slow or stop the growth of micro-organisms (germs) on external surfaces of the body, that is why they are suitable to use on the skin as they are designed for that pacific reason to stop bacterial growth or any other microorganisms from spreading or causing infection on the skin and external surfaces on the body. Antiseptics should be distinguished from antibiotics that destroy micro-organisms inside the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy micro-organisms found on inanimate (non-living) objects. Antibiotics and disinfectant are designed for other reasons as you can see and contain some different chemical agents that maybe harsh on the human skin so that is why disinfectants and antibiotics may not be suitable on the skin. (http://dermnetnz.org/treatments/antiseptics.html)

My results from the lab showed that some household products which are commonly thought of as having antibacterial properties actually showed no signs of being effective against bacteria, while some showed very promising results. The following are the lab results for products tested on their effectiveness on yeast and the bacteria Serratia Marcescens. Even though there was separate testing for yeast and the bacteria, results were the same.

The independent variable for the Antibiotic Resistance Lab was the strain of E. Coli, the strain that we tested is called E. Coli K-12. The dependent variable was the amount of E. Coli that was resistant to triclosan, i.e. the size of the zone of inhibition. This lab was experimental because we were physically dealing with the variables. We created the environment for the E.Coli to either adapt to or not.

Although many steps are necessary to prevent Surgical Site Infections, one important step is the use of perioperative antiseptics, which will be considered in detail below. According to the 2016 Surgical Site Infections guidelines from the World Health Organization, “SSI is the most common healthcare associated infection among surgical patients with 77% of patient deaths reported to be related to infection”.

Purpose: To explore the effectiveness of different levels of concentration of antiseptic and antibacterial products’ prevention of bacterial growth.

The development of antibiotic resistant strains are on the rise especially in developing countries and are creating a crisis in the effective treatment of infections.1,5

New discovery of antibiotics has slowed down and the select number of pathogenic bacteria in existence are continuing to increase in virulence due to increased exposure. Although advances have been made to address the issue of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, remaining exist that may not be as obvious a threat to fighting especially virulent bacterial

Table 3. Mean and group bacterial colonies counted for E.coli in plates #1, 5, 6 and 7 containing antibiotics: naladixic acid, kanamycin and ampicillin. Standard errors are present.

Examples of antibiotics that are commonly used in infection treatment include: gentamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and carbenicillin

The development of bacterial resistance left one to think how the human body reacts to antibiotics and the more antibiotic used the quicker resistance occur. It is important that we understand how bacteria are classified, their structure, physical appearance, ability to grow in the human body, their relationship in response to antibiotics and the immune system (Fraise and Bradley, 2009). Chalmers and Straud (2006) explained that in order to understand bacteria behavior it is vital to consider the chain of infection whilst some organisms have

Abstract: The bacteriophage (“phage”) is a unique virus which is only capable of infecting bacterial cells, and therefore appears harmless to mammals, including humans. As a result, phage usage as an antibacterial therapy was first initiated in the early 1900’s. However, with the introduction of antibiotics in the 1940’s, phage therapy had essentially ceased in Western Europe and North America. Currently with the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria, a renewed interest in bacteriophage research has again emerged with emphasis not only on its antibacterial properties, but on its potential role in treating malignant diseases. In addition, in vitro “phage display” technology has been developed whereby a specific gene encoding a peptide/protein of interest can be inserted into the phage genome. The resulting peptide/protein is then “displayed” in the bacteriophage’s viral coat where it can be extracted for analysis. The biology of the bacteriophage, together with recent research studies and selected applications, is reviewed with respect to its potential role in the future treatment of bacterial infections and cancer.