Cops: A Theoretical Analysis

In the last three decades, several concepts have been advanced to organize efforts to improve policing. Among them have been team policing, neighborhood policing, community policing, zero-tolerance policing and problem-oriented policing. Herman Goldstein was the first to propose problem-oriented policing in 1979. Problem-oriented policing is a policing strategy that involves the identification and analysis of specific crime and disorder problems, in order to develop effective response strategies in conjunction with ongoing assessment. The emphasis in problem-oriented policing is on directing attention to the broad range of problems the community expects the police to handle–the problems that constitute the business of the police and on

Policing in America underwent a major paradigm shift in the way that law enforcement was carried out – this shift was known as a shift from the Political Era to the Professional (Reform) Era (Roberg, Novak, Cordner, & Smith, 2015). This switch in eras happened in the United States during a period branded as the Progressive Era, when many “types of problems … began to be addressed not only in the public sector but also in private enterprise” (Roberg et al., 2015, p. 41). This movement affected the United States and the American life since it functioned on the ideas that there should be “(1) honest and efficiency in government, (2) more authority for public officials (and less for politicians), and (3) the use of experts to respond to specific

On Thursday, January 5, 2017, I, Officer McDaniel #147, of Mansfield ISD Police Department, located at 1522 N Walnut Creek Dr, Mansfield, TX, was contacted by dispatch for a public service call, to a parent, in reference to an incident that occurred on November 28, 2016, at James Coble Middle School, located at 1200 Ballweg, Arlington, TX.

According to this perspective, disproportionate searches of racial minorities are justified if hit rates are equal across races or if some other measure of “efficient policing” is achieved. Although proponents of these two approaches disagree with one another as to whether racial disparities in search rates are morally or legally acceptable, their analyses suffer from similar shortcomings. In particular, both the civil libertarian and the economics approaches assume intentional or purposeful discrimination by police offers. Although data from around the country suggest that racial minorities are often searched at a disproportionately higher rate than Whites, there is little empirical evidence that those disparities are the result of malice or purposeful profiling. We instead begin with the assumption—based on considerable empirical evidence—that the factors influencing police officers’ decisions are complex (Black 1980; Goldstein 1977; Reiss 1984; Wilson 1973). In the present research context, therefore, it is implausible that race is the sole factor that causes police officers to search motorists. To be sure, the recognition of the “multivariate” nature of police officers’ decisions to search has yet to be met by concurrent multivariate empirical models of such behavior. Indeed, incidents of searches are complex events that cannot be understood through simple univariate frequency statistics and/or bivariate relationships. The Supreme Court itself often adopts a

Throughout the course of history, the defense of nations has been one of the most significant and beneficial foundations of the world in which we live today. In today's day and age, the defense of the United States has long been of the utmost importance of national security. However, many individuals fail to understand that the internal defense of our nation is essentially of far greater importance in viewing national security on a day-to-day basis. For many American citizens existing in the modern age, life seems to run quite smoothly, and what we often take for granted is the fact that this smooth nature has much to do with the successful policing of our country by thousands of law enforcement officials who go to work every day to protect not only our safety, but our way of life. The United States, like so many countries around the world, has a particular government entity that works to ensure the maintenance of internal order within its borders, and in understanding the makeup of the American police force, as well as its affecting trends and issues, one can better understand what measures must be taken in order to ensure that the American police force maintains the highest standards of operation that it can.

I believe the most problematic and prevalent social justice issue in the United States is the contention as well as idolization of the police force. By demonizing the police force we are discouraging citizens from getting law enforcement help when they need it and making people fear the law enforcement system as a whole. On the other side of the same coin, allowing people to idolize a law enforcement official increases moral for officers who actually are corrupt. These two very different groups are now pitted against each other, causing a civil war between the citizens of the nation. Any protest of either side is now met with opposition from the other side, sometimes it gets physical and people lose lives. We need to stop this injury and loss

Knowles, Persico and Todd (2001) found that African-Americans are more likely to be stopped when in a vehicle than white individuals, for example, African American constituted 63\% of motorist stops but their proportion of the population was 18\%, however, it was argued that this is reasonable because this particular racial group are more likely to commit crimes compares to others, hence validating a number of stops. Knowles, Persico and Todd (2001) developed a model of law enforcement behavior through traffic searches, it tested whether racial disparities in searches reflected police maximizing behavior or racial prejudice. In equilibrium, they found that there should be the same probability of both groups carrying contraband but one race

1) The police in this article seem to be conducting sort of preemptive stops, where they are not necessarily waiting for people to commit crimes, rather, they are stopping people, searching them, asking questions, and running a check to see if anything turns up. As seen in the article: “I watched the police stop pedestrians or people in cars, search them, run their names to see if any warrants came up, ask them to come in for questioning, or make an arrest at least once a day...” (Goffman, pg. 343). This is more similarly related to a stop and frisk method of policing, deeming “reasonable suspicion” as grounds to search someone.

In the end, Problem-oriented policing focuses to address problems that are causing for higher crime rates and find the solutions to prevent the crime from even happening.

Police officers deal with many diverse people every day as part of their job. It is important that law enforcement reflects this diversity by hiring qualified officers of different gender, race, ethnicity, etc. Police officers that do not fit into the straight, white, male category often face difficulty in their job, from both society and their colleagues. The focus of this paper will be on women in law enforcement and the struggles they continue to face.

In the history of police in the United States is the politics history which attempts to eliminate political control over police administration. In the urban north jobs of police were awarded to party loyalists or the political patrons. Officer was being hired, promoted and fired which was based on their loyalty to bosses of politics. The one who remained loyal worked with aim of increasing the political bosses’ power through hindering votes or forcing votes, through vice laws enforcement against the political enemies or the ones who didn’t offer support to political bosses. The police never hesitated in using brute force to further the political elite interests. Police often aided in the location of jobs for the public, ran for soup in the

Police officers are often faced with many threatening situations every day; forcing them to make split second decisions under lots of pressure, and these decisions might determine the final outcome of the incident. Police must have the right kind of mindset at all times because they are expected to handle the most difficult and worst kinds of situations out there on the streets. Since police officers have the power to make decisions based on their judgment and the situation, it is always important for them to know the difference between the use of reasonable force and excessive force. In other words, when is it appropriate for officers to use force and when is the force considered as excessive? Hence, the method of role-playing and/or scenarios

In the world of Criminology there are many theories on catching criminals. These policing models, have strengths and weaknesses like most anything. Every theory relies on adapting to the all changing criminal mind and often seeing where there’s smoke there’s fire. Among the popular theories like: Broken Windows, Community policing and the S.A.R.A. model lye a common thread of being observant and responding proactively.

Companies like Nintendo, Sony, Marvel, and DC have well known brands that are spotted miles away and around the world. Theses same companies re-brand themselves every couple of years in order to please the new generations. Artist like Drake, Shameik Moore, and Minh Hang are three people that had brand themselves in a certain styles before they became celebrities. The police just like any other party need to change their look, style and way of responding to actions. Policing is more than just a career or a job, it is a culture that is just as complex as a the combs in a beehive. The culture of the police can be broken down into into subcultures such as K-9 and Homicide. Both have a set definitions beliefs by being cops but those beliefs are changed to help fit your job experience. There are even ranking of culture between the east and west. Rank could differ by any area such as graduate versus veteran.

Problem-oriented policing (POP) simply aim at solving issue/problem within the community. It aim is to solve problems of disorder within the community and to decrease fear of crime as well as crime itself. The present of police in a community somewhat contribute to less crime/ incidents exiting which would prompt citizens to call the police. Where as traditional policing is/was mainly reactive in nature. That is, police patrol the streets during their shift and react to what crimes and/or infractions are being committed. They also, of course, respond to dispatch calls of crimes in progress. Crime prevention is achieved through mere police presence. Negative interaction between the community and police is generally the norm. Incident driven