Correlation Between Non-suicidal Self-injury and Suicide Achievement in Adolescents Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder
Abstract:
The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between teenagers with Borderline Personality Disorder who engage in non-suicidal self-injury, and teenagers with Borderline Personality Disorder who achieve suicide. The method this project will use is a simple questionnaire that asks patients four questions about their suicidal tendencies upon arrival at the doctor’s office. Through this research, doctors and psychiatrists will learn how to map trends of patients with BPD and their suicidal tendencies. They will gain knowledge on a very new disorder and will help future patients with
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From the data, I hope to draw the conclusion that Borderline Personality Disorder patients that engage in self-harm are not attempting suicide, they are simply looking for control in their life.
Background:
Overall, Borderline Personality Disorder is a relatively new diagnoses that was earlier entwined with Bipolar Disorder. Now, doctors believe that Borderline is its own disorder and does not need to be diagnosed alongside Bipolar. This was decided in the DSM fourth edition revised. This disorder affects about 2% of the population and of those 2%, 75% are women (Gale Encyclopedia Mental Disorders). This disorder does not discriminate against race, but is known as a teenage onset disorder, meaning symptoms start in early adult-hood. Borderline Personality Disorder goes hand in hand with mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and attention deficit disorder. In addition to the depression and anxiety that these patients suffer from, a symptom of Borderline Personality Disorder is self-injury. Self-injury includes cutting People diagnosed with Borderline usually have undergone many stress triggers such as sexual abuse, domestic abuse, and drug abuse that acted as environmental factors to induce the disorder. The disorder is new, therefore doctors do not know how to correctly diagnose and treat it; many patients are misdiagnosed before the doctor differentiates the behavior and changes the diagnoses from Bipolar
What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Defined by the website www.borderlinepersonalitydisorder.com, “Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness that causes unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. It usually begins during adolescence or early adulthood.” One may wonder what can be the cause of this disorder. BPD can be detected by an in-person interview about the symptoms that are occurring. The input from family and close friends of the individual that is being treated can also help detect the symptoms. The causes for BPD are not fully
The use of the term borderline has however, resulted in a heated controversy between the health care fraternity and patients. Patients argue that this term appears to be somehow discriminatory and that it should be removed and the disorder renamed. Patients point out that an alternative name, such as emotionally unstable personality disorder, should be adopted instead of borderline personality disorder. Clinicians, on the other hand, argue that there is nothing wrong with the use of the term borderline. Opponents of this term argue that the terms used to describe persons suffering from this disorder, such as demanding, treatment resistant, and difficult among others, are discriminatory. These terms may create a negative feeling of health professionals towards patients, an aspect that may lead to adoption of negative responses that may trigger self-destructive behavior (Giesen-Bloo et al, 2006). The fact however, is that the term borderline has been misunderstood and misused so much that any attempt to redefine it is pointless leaving scrapping the term as the only option.
Borderline personality disorder is defined in its most simplest sense as being a mental health disorder that generates significant emotional instability. [1] In sufferers it generates a wide range of symptoms typically characterised into three groups; Problems regulating emotions and thoughts; impulsive behaviour without thinking of the consequences of actions; and lastly unstable relationships. Evaluating the most effective treatment(s) for BPD remains a target for mental health services as the disorder is associated with self harm and suicide attempts, with suicide attempts recorded in 69-80% of patients. [2]
Most patients of borderline personality disorder suffer from problems regulating emotions and thoughts, impulsive and reckless behavior, and unstable relationships with other people. People with this disorder have high rates of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and eating disorders. Oftentimes, it leads to self-harm, and suicidal behaviors.
Introduction: This article discusses the significance of psychotherapy options in treating borderline personality disorder (BPD). Borderline personality is a disorder with a variety of symptoms that can be briefly summarized as instability in mood, thinking, behavior, personal relations, and self-image. Psychotherapy options include cognitive
“Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S. population” (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional dysregulation disorder or its common name borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) describes borderline personality disorder as “a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts” (Gardner, 2006). Within the last 20 years, psychologists and other mental health professionals have made tremendous strides in research on what exactly borderline personality disorder, some of its triggers and possible effective treatment options. Borderline personality disorder is defined as a disorder that generates severe emotional instability which can be a springboard that can lead to other stress induced mental and behavioral problems.
Current psychological research on personality disorders aims to identify psychological and psychopathologic dynamics latent to violent behaviors. In
The findings that these authors were able to get could definitely suggest for continual studies in ways for borderline personality disorder to be coped with due to the emotional dysregulation it takes part in. In addition the behaviors of people could be more closely defined to be borderline and though people may have antisocial personalities, it does not mean they are equally unemotionally stable. These findings also imply that
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a personality dysfunction that is characterize by disinhibition and impulsivity and often is manifest as self-regulation difficulties. (Sansone & Sansone, 2015). Clients with BPD commonly have fear of being abandoned. They will get close to someone then start to isolate themselves from them because they feel as if the feelings are not mutual. They often have do risky activities such as binge eating, shopping sprees, and several sexual partners. It is common for them to participate in self-injurious behavior such as cutting themselves. The DSM-5 states that a client must have at least five of the
Likewise, the author read that Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is described as instability in interpersonal relationship, self-image and mood, a fast fluctuation between emotional states, impulsive behaviour and an inclination towards self-harm and suicidal thinking (NICE 2009).
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition, Borderline personality disorder is described as having a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts. In order to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, the individual must demonstrate five or more of the nine behaviors experienced within the disorder. The nine criterion behaviors within the disorder include: (1) frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, (2) a pattern of unstable and intense relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation, (3) identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self, (4) impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self damaging such as sexuality, spending, substance abuse, binge eating or reckless driving, (5) recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, threats, or self mutilating behavior, (6) affective
According to the DSM-5, Personality Disorders are characterized by “impairments in personality functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits”. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of ten personality disorders listed in the DSM-5. The DSM-5 lists several criteria that must be met in order for someone to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. They are quoted as follows:
Furthermore, borderline personality disorder is clinically defined as ones instability which is evident in their relationships, emotions, behavior and image of themselves. Persons with such disorder may have feelings of abandonment. Often in efforts to manipulate people back into relationships, they take part in self-manipulating behavior or suicidal attempts. Suicide is sometimes attempted impulsively by persons in periods of extreme depression. In addition people often experience strong emotions and strong desires for intimacy.
Dal, a young woman suffering from borderline personality disorder, is experiencing a lot of emotional and interpersonal distress. She has just been “abandoned” by her recent lover, and is swinging wildly between affects. She presents to therapy with a range of BPD symptoms and is having intrusive thoughts about killing herself. These thoughts have resulted in minor acts of self-harm and self-mutilation. She has also began hearing contemptuous voices, but she explains that “they are just reactions to the stress of being the target of
Borderline personality disorder is associated with a variety of different components and symptoms. The two main areas that borderline personality disorder is related to are moods and relationships; both of these areas tend to be quite unstable. The element about borderline personality disorder that I was not aware of was the increased risk that they have of injury or even death by their own hands. It is a common stereotype that is depicted in the media that those with psychological disorders are always acting sporadically and causing harm. It was discussed in this unit that the main reason these individuals are risks to themselves is because of instability, dysfunction, and impulsivity. Though these elements may sound like they match what is portrayed in the media, there are deeper meanings behind them that can cause dangerous behaviors. Instability is associated with relationships; individuals with borderline personality disorder often have unstable relationships because of their lack of emotional control, which can then lead to a constant fear of abandonment. Dysfunction is associated with unstable emotions and is often a good predictor of potential suicidal thoughts and