Cosmological Science: An Unbiblical Worldview

Just under seven years ago, astronomers using the Hubble space telescope presented results they hoped would help answer one of the most contentious issues in astronomy of the 20th century – the question of the distance scale of the universe. But there was some unease when the result was announced. According to the report, other galaxies were close enough that, extrapolating backwards from their current rate of recession and making adjustments for the influence of gravity, they all would have been together (that is, the Big Bang would have occurred) as recently as 8 billion years ago. Unfortunately, there was strong evidence already in place that some stars were at least 12-15

Neil Degrasse Tyson points out in his article “Cosmic Perspective”, first published in the Natural Magazine in 2007, that if every human were to truly comprehend how stupendous and interraled the universe is to us, our perspective on humanity would shift from a focus on our distinctions to our connections. Tyson explores through many examples of the “cosmic perspective” to prove just how closely associated we are with the universe.

Since the beginning of time, most humans have always believed that there existed an independent being. That we all descended from this independent being and that we could not exist otherwise. Though, some could argue that they did not descend from some independent being and that they arrived here by evolution. Depending on what one might believe in, each individual will see the Cosmological Argument differently. Overall, the Cosmological Argument argues that dependent beings (ourselves) came from an independent being.

Ancient historian Thucydides in his history of the ancient world describes us history of war between two superpowers, Athens and Sparta, which weakened all of the Greek City- states and lead to their submission by Macedonians. One of the leaders on the Athenian side was Pericles. Pericles, who was admired by Thucydides, was in one of his capacities strategist, who try to shape Athens’s strategy in war with Sparta. We

Besides proving god’s existence, the cosmological argument’s fundamental function is to negate the possibility of an infinite regress, which means that things just keep going backwards in time forever without any definitive beginning. The cosmological argument consists of two precedents and one conclusion: (1) Everything that exists has a cause, (2) the universe exists (and therefore must have a cause), (3) ergo, god exists because he is what caused the universe. During Flanagan’s assessment of the argument, he indicates the logical fallacies that cause the argument’s downfall. First of all, the argument is, as Bertrand Russell put it, “flagrantly inconsistent” in nature because it, “…insists first that everything has a cause and then denies that everything that exists has a cause on the grounds that this would require believing in an infinite regress” which is exactly what the argument hopes to avoid. In other words, the fallacy is that the argument states that while everything in existence has a cause, god himself, who exists, is

There are some weak points in cosmological arguments, however. One major weakness is that there is no way to prove the existence of the universe has a cause. For example, David Hume believes that if we are capable of imagining a universe without cause, then it is possible that the universe could have begun without reason (Davies 50). Another argument states that the universe is infinite, and if that is the case, then every event has a predecessor. This would mean that there was no beginning of the universe (Davies 53).

The cosmological argument is an a posteriori argument which intends to prove that there is an intelligent being that exists; the being is distinct from the universe, explains the existence of the universe, and is omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent and omnibenevolent. The basic notion of cosmological arguments is that the world and everything in it is dependent on something other than itself for its existence. It explains that everything has a cause, that there must have been a first cause, and that this first cause was itself uncaused.

American writer, poet, critic, and editor Edgar Allan Poe’s stories of horror and mystery started the modern detective fiction. Poe was born January 19, 1890 in Boston Massachusetts; he moved into a family after his mother died as a child but was never really adopted. ("Edgar Allan Poe." ) Poe was a well-respected literary critic; he started American literature and his poetry is very highly structured. Poe is known for his terror, horror, and macabre stories; his The Raven story is among the best-known poems in national literature.

The ontological, cosmological, and teleological arguments collectively strive to prove one point, the existence of God. Ontological arguments lean on reasoning to prove its point of an a priori being or existence. Cosmological arguments focus on the idea that our infinite and expanding universe had to have been created by God or a higher being, due to the complexity of the universe itself. Teleological argument emphasizes on the idea that God constructed the universe for the sole purpose of completing an end result in which the universe was made for.

According to Drew Dellinger, the word cosmology has two definitions. The first definition of cosmology is: “the branch of philosophy dealing with the origin and general structure of the universe, with its parts, elements, and laws, and especially with such of its characteristics as space, time, causality, and freedom (Drew).” The second definition of cosmology is: “the branch of astronomy that deals with the general structure and evolution of the universe (Drew).” Therefore, cosmology is the study of the origin of the universe, and it can be interpreted through a philosophical or scientific perspective. But for this essay, I will interpret cosmology

While I did approach Big History: Connecting Knowledge with an intent to gain a greater transdisciplinary understanding of terrestrial and cosmological history, in retrospect I can see that I have more so gained from the critical thinking aspects of the course and in particular the four claim tester tools: (1) Intuition, (2) authority, (3) logic, (4) evidence. As Jenny Duke-Yonge comments in her lecture segment ‘How do we decide what to believe?’ in which she introduces the claim tester tools:

For example, the Christian myth about the Garden of Eden, Adam, Eve, and the forbidden tree could once have been seen as factually true. With modern science as an ally, we are no longer confined to that story as an explanation to our beginnings. The cosmological function however is meant to do just that, narrate a divine story that explains that which inexplicable at the time the story was created.

Looking through the history and development of human beings when people face problems, they would like to solve them. There were many ways of solving problems, people would either kill each other to reach a goal or do trades with each other. Later， there were different levels between people, the way of people who don’t many right started to use movements to solve the problem. It is all about causing and solving problem. To discuss about this, I would like to use some modern examples to show more events and details of these movements. Let us start from 2013. Nowadays, Black lives matter (BLM) has become a very popular social movement locate in United States of America. It is an international activist movement, originating in the African-American

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Christian belief encountered significant opposition. Until then, most of the world shared the belief of the “Medieval world view” that not only was the earth positioned at the center of the universe, but that God was all knowing, all powerful and all good. God was thought to have created and sustained the wondrous workings of the universe. This belief told the people all they needed to know about the meaning and purpose of life. Then, scientific discovery and methods began to undermine religious beliefs. Scientists began to reveal that natural laws and natural forces governed the world. Opposing beliefs, e.g. the Marxism belief, criticized Christian views. People like, Bacon, Copernicus, Kepler,

     The existence of motion to the existence of a first mover as the cause of movement, was argued by Aristotle. This first mover he called God. The reason for this was that nothing caused God to move yet God was responsible for the motion of all other things. Thisargument is based on presumptions in other cosmological arguments. The first was that something could not cause itself, second something cannot come from nothing, last there could not possibly be an infinite amount of cause and effects.