Cox Communications
Applied Corporate Finance
Contents
Executive Summary
Background
Gannett and other acquisitions: possibilities and constraints of financing
Feline PRIDES securities: benefits and costs for Cox Communications
Valuation of Gannett’s acquisition
Conclusions and recommendations
Appendix
Executive Summary
The main purpose of this report is to evaluate an appropriate financing strategy for Cox Communications.
Cox Communications is one of the largest players in the cable industry. In 1999, the firm expected to make several acquisitions over the following years, spending around 7$-8$ billion in the process. Given this possibility, the firm had
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If Cox was able to buy these, it would be gaining about 522.000 new customers. This acquisition, along with the others Cox was already negotiating, would allow Cox’s subscribers’ base to grow over 60% only in 1999, so it was in fact an extremely important purchase.
Cox Communications had four different types of financing choices. It could finance them through equity (issuing new equity), through debt (by borrowing money or issuing bonds), through hybrid securities, which is a type of financing that mixes the properties of equity and debt, or it can be financed by non-strategic assets selling.
The Cox family had the intention of preserving the control of the firm and it was a top priority for them that the rating of the firm was maintained. However, since in our point of view their control is sufficiently large to be further diluted and still control the firm, there can be a change in the family’s plans. If that is the case, the financing must be done as soon as possible, taking into consideration that it has a direct cost of 2%-3% of the amount raised (fees and expenses) and that the price of shares usually decreases when new shares are issued (according to academic studies the reduction is around 3%-4% of the stock price, nonetheless it
Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., & Jordan, B. D. (Eds.). (2011). Essentials of corporate finance (7th ed., Rev.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Another advantage is that payments will be level and interest rate will be fixed, since the boards forecast for the future is very pessimistic. The negatives of using debt through an insurance company have nothing to do with the financing or numbers. It is the management who was entirely against the idea. They believed that long-term fixed rates were too high, even though they had yet to return to early 1995 levels, where they were significantly higher. Another problem management had with the use of debt through insurance was that they did not like that there would be an extravagant set of covenants. More specifically Ruhl said that he disliked the type of covenant that could put the company in default without any action of management. "Violation of a debt-capital ratio, for instance," explained Ruhl with great relish, "could occur as a result of an adverse year rather than anything we do. " (Case Studies in Finance) Management, Ruhl, was extremely adamant about not agreeing to something that was out of his control. Ruhl actually preferred the informal loan, saying it was 'friendly'. This shows how much management does not know about financial decisions. Spreading the debt out over a longer period of time would improve the quick and current ratios. (see exhibit 7a) A negative of the loan itself is that if Padgett were to have the cash to prepay the loan they would face
You would not buy a home, car or other large purchases without researching what product offered you the most for your money. The same is true when investing in a company. Investors do avid research on multiple companies to find what company matches the investors' criteria. In this paper Team C will research both AT&T and Verizon's financial documents. Team C will compare selected ratios, cash flow and make recommendations how both companies can manage cash flow for the future.
Comcast is planning expanding globally. With the main competition with the Dish Television Network. Comcast’s have devised
Also the loss that Rogers Cable could incur as a result of customer erosion should be taken into consideration while choosing an alternative.
CMI must grow their existing business by providing loans to additional high-ratio loan clients. Thus they need access to the benefits of the MetroNet network. CMI could make more profits for their mortgage insurance business without considerably expanding their cost structure.
The company lost money almost every year since its leveraged buyout by Coniston Partners in 1989. The income generated was not sufficient to service the interest expenses of the company which stood at $2.62B in 1996. From Exhibit 1, we can say that interest coverage ratio computed as EBIT / Interest Expense was 1.31 in 1989 and has been decreasing over years and currently stands at 0.59. This raises a question of how the company can meet its interest payments without raising cash or selling assets.
Under the two circumstances presented, I recommend that Harriet Burns and Richard Irvine should finance the purchase of Harmonic Hearing Co. through the deal proposed by the private equity firm, Comet Capital. This proposal best aligns with Burns and Irvine’s goal to select an option that offers the “best combination of cost, expected return of their ownership interest and financial flexibility.” To evaluate the two alternatives, a comparison based on IRR was assessed. Harrison Price’s proposal, which relies almost entirely on debt financing, offers an IRR of 215.5% (Appendix A). On the other hand, Joe Fowler’s proposal, which consists of equity financing, offers an IRR of
According to Stafford and Heilprin, “American Cable Communications (ACC) was one of the largest cable operators in the United States (AirThread Case).” ACC serviced roughly 24.1 million video subscribers, 13.2 million high-speed internet subscribers, and 4.6 million landline telephony subscribers. In 2007, ACC saw revenues of $30.9 billion and had net income equaling $2.6 billion. In order to adapt to the changes in the industry, ACC started aggressively acquiring smaller companies, which resulted in huge customer growth and the development of, “a strong corporate finance team with significant acumen in identifying, valuing, structuring, and executing corporate control transaction (AirThread Case).” That being said, ACC has set its sights on yet another company--AirThread Connections--with the expectation of further revenue growth and customer acquisition and retention.
We assume linear increase in the EBIT and EBITDA at 3% for 1999 from 1998 figures. Considering the debt will be long-term, we test both 10- and 20-year corporate yields as interest rates to see what would be the coverage ratios, using the 1999 projected figures.
William Wrigley Jr. Company is exploring whether it is optimal to recapitalise with taking on $3 billion of debt. Three options are revised; borrow and repurchase shares, dividend payouts or continue to function with full equity. Debt will provide a tax shield of $1.2 billion given the tax rate is 40%, this should increase the market share price to $61.53 per share. The viable method for the company is to utilize this debt to repurchase shares. The will not only increase Wrigley’s market value, via the debt shield, but also signal to market that management believes Wrigley’s is undervalued, something the dividend payment won’t achieve.
8. Threat of New Entrants: “There are a number of low-cost carriers (LCCs) in the domestic market and the Company competes with LCCs over a very large part of its network.”
In an attempt to be competitive with large cable companies, ACC made several large acquisitions in 1999. Rigas acquired three cable companies at a price tag of over $8 billion growing Adelphia’s subscriber count to over 5 million customers. Thus, ACC became the
From the previous company selection paper, we are now familiar with the selected satellite radio broadcasting companies, Sirius and XM Satellite Radio. Our group will now take a further, in-depth look at the ratio analysis and statement of cash flows to get a better understanding of how the companies are doing financially and with in their market. First, we will be reviewing the cash flows for both companies and identifying how much cash was generated or used by each through everyday operations, and financing and investing activities. We will also address some of the significant events that have affected the overall cash flow for both organizations and describe the changes
In order to finance the Yell Group buy out a consortium of APAX/Hicks Muse and investment banks had to structure a finance proposal. The two investment banks Merrill Lynch and CIBC World Markets agreed to raise 1.450 billion in debt. This debt consists of 950 million of syndicated senior term loans and 500 million through a bridge loan. This bridge loan where Yell Finance B.V. would be the beneficier had to be refinanced through a high yield offering on the UK and US markets. The 950 million is at different levels directly invested in the operating companies.