Crony Capitalism In Brazil

Political upheaval is defined by Harff an abrupt change in the political community caused by the formation of a state or regime through violent conflict, redrawing of a state boundaries, or defeat in international war. In other words, it is a violent and sudden disturbance in government or politics. This is proven because “all genocides of the last half-century occurred during or in the immediate aftermath of internal wars, revolutions, and regime collapse” (57). She also explains that the ideologies that start revolutions can also encourage ethnic hatred which provides a motive for mass killings of the perceived enemies of the new order that comes into

The people of a country have a right to inquire about the actions of their countries leaders. Issues found in a political leaders exploits creates political unrest and directly affect the economy of these countries. South Africa and Brazil exemplify the repercussions in an economy when an examination of a leaders’ ethics occurred. Most notable comparisons between the two countries involve what the leaders accomplished in their position of power to excite such a negative reaction, the unfavorable impacts in these countries’ economies, and the people’s reactions to the allegations made against their president.

Brazil is a leading emerging economy in the world today. Other economies in this category include; Russia, India, South Africa and china excluding Hong Kong and Macau. There has been a real transformation in the Brazil economy in the 21st century. The country 's location is in Latin America and is one of the motivating economies in the world market. It has experienced rapid growth, price stability, and fiscal responsibility (Czinkota 2010).

The former Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has been convicted of passive corruption and money laundering and sentenced to 12 years and one month in prison. He has been accused of receiving a beachfront triplex apartment worth $755,000 from a construction company as a gift, but prosecutors alleged the gift as part of a bribe manipulated by Lula at the oil company run by the state, Petrobras (Phillips, 2018). The victim in this situation is the oil company Petrobras and consequently the costumers that use their expensive gasoline for transportation

There are also the potential for a difficult or even hostile political climate. This consideration is one that can change rapidly in many areas of the world, and can be quite unexpected. Conditions in Egypt, for the last few weeks can be used as an example of how a seemingly stable country can have civil unrest quickly and unexpectedly.

In order to compare and explain the political instability experienced by the three countries in question it is important to assign a suitable model to the case. In this scenario Sartori's1 typology of party systems is perfect as all three of the countries fall into the category labelled polarised pluralistic party systems. Characteristics include five or more relevant parties, anti-system parties, bi-lateral oppositions, highly ideologically polarised parties with the political centre ground being occupied and a strong centrifugal force present. The system will also be ideologically over-heated and oppositions are usually irresponsible which leads

The economy of Brazil is rapidly growing making its presence felt in the international markets. Brazil boasts of efficiently functioning mining, manufacturing, agricultural industry and service segments. In Brazil, the agriculture sector makes up 11% of the gross domestic product or the GDP.

In an article entitled “Resisting and reshaping destructive development: social movements and globalizing networks”, P. Routledge describes neoliberal development, “Contemporary economic development is guided by the economic principles of neoliberalism and popularly termed ‘globalization’. The fundamental principal of this doctrine is ‘economic liberty’ for the powerful, that is that an economy must be free from the social and political ‘impediments,’ ‘fetters’, and ‘restrictions’ placed upon it by states trying to regulate in the name of the public interest. These ‘impediments’ - which include national economic regulations, social programs, and class compromises (i.e. national bargaining agreements between employers and trade unions,

First you have to ask yourself, what political instability is. Political instability is the likelihood of having demonstrations, forms of violence, workers going on strike or the possibility of a coup d’état (this is an attempt to overthrow the government). It is also measured in terms of whether the government may collapse or not. Open society will also be used along with closed society. Open society is a culture in which there is freedom and tolerance of belief and flexible structure. For example, the United Sates for example. While closed society is the complete opposite. Closed society is a culture in which there is a rigid structure and little freedom or tolerance of belief. Another example would be the Hindu caste system.

I argue that this could be as a result of a number of reasons, while an autocratic government might be able to use force to keep the population under tight control, a weak democracy with its relative political and civil freedoms is likely to bring strife as soon as institutions are not functional and transparent enough. Ethnic groups, religious groups or party faithful soon take to violence when the institutions in place is not trusted either due to incapacity or lack of transparency and since the citizens now have a voice and might not be exposed to the dangers of brutal crackdowns they soon are exposed to strife that soon become violent. This might be due to introduction of unpopular or controversial laws, dissatisfaction with government performance or suspicion of government’s actions. Competitive elections presents a whole new avenue for disagreement and where the representatives are disconnected from the electorate, they turn to violent conflict as a route to voice grievances with less fear of extreme crackdown by the government. The problem is that most often what would start as a peaceful demonstration explodes into an all-out riot with

In this essay, stability is defined as the lack of possibility of collapse of the existing world order or peace. This definition is used as

A regression analysis between domestic public debt (as a dependent variable) and political risk sub-indicators (as explanatory variables) confirmed the validity of this suggested explanation. The analysis found a statistically significant negative relationship between domestic public debt and political stability and absence of violence ((R-Sq = 82.1% R-Sq(adj) = 80.5%,F statistic is 50.61 with p-value 0.000). See Appendix 13.

Through the ages, many societies throughout the world have seen distinct changes in form of rule. From monarchies, to democracies, to oligarchies, the political state of many societies have seen everything from gradual to drastic changes—both maintenance of traditional rule and violent upheavals.

The problem with corruption is a universal one, but this challenge is particularly egregious in new and developing democracies. Brazil’s troubles with corruption stem from far before democratization in the 1980s. From the military takeover and the rule of the bureaucratic authoritarian regime to the present day, this nation has struggled with nepotism, clientism, and favoritism as well as a slew of other corrupt practices. The state, federal, and municipal levels of government have all been plagued with corruption scandals. From the impeachment of President Fernando Collor to the Mensalão scandal, the Brazilian government has been in a constant struggle to quell its problems with corruption and economic distress. In this paper I will explain how politicians engage in corruption at the municipal level and the effects their actions can have on the nation. To do this, I will analyze the underlying causes of corruption in Brazil’s municipalities (namely Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) and how these causes are acted on. Finally, I will detail the repercussions of these actions, and what Brazil can do (and to some degree has done) to solve this issue.

Political instability a common problem in Bangladesh. Though we expected substantial change in our political environment, we are not observing any positive signs yet. This is a major disincentive for foreign investors.