Cyclohexanone Lab Report

The dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol was completed using an acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction between 2-Methylcyclohexanol and sulfuric acid. In this acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction, the oxygen atom is first protonated, the oxonium ion is then endothermically decomposed into a carbocation and water, and finally the loss of a proton from an adjacent carbon atom forms an alkene. Due to the presence of carbocation rearrangement, three products are formed as shown below in Figure 1.

Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) virulence depends on the active transport of vesicles that contain melanin and capsule precursors, proteinases, and other macromolecules. We previously found that the Cn intersectin protein Cin1 regulates intracellular trafficking critical for growth and virulence and that Cin1-S isoform confers a marked survival advantage in the CNS of a murine model of cryptococcosis. In addition, we found that the expression of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) including small RNA (sRNA), mRNA, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) was significantly differentiated among cin1, CIN1-S, and wild type stains. Further investigation of these observations could promote our understanding of Cn propensity for the host CNS and the virulence

Discussion As part of the experiment, the percent composition of each component of the mixture was calculated. 51% of the components were retrieved from filtration while 49% of the solvents were retrieved from dissolving the components in a solvent. The original mixture was one globular solid-like structure.

Fig. 12 CXL10-/- mice are relatively protected against FFC-induced liver injury and inflammation. WT & CXCL10-/- mice were fed either chow or FFC-diet for 20 weeks. (A) Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured. (C) Total RNA was extracted from liver tissue and mRNA expression of surface macrophage marker cluster of differentiation (CD)68 was evaluated by real-time qPCR. (D) Assessment of macrophage infiltration in fixed liver tissue was done by immunohistochemistry using macrophage galactose-specific lectin (Mac-2) antibody. Bar columns represent mean ± S.E.M. *** P < .001, * P < .05 compared to WT chow-fed mice.

The oxidation number of an atom of any free element is ZERO. Means to say there is only one kind of atom present, no charge.

In this experiment, 0.31 g (2.87 mmol) of 2-methylphenol was suspended in a 10 mL Erlenmeyer flask along with 1 mL of water and a stir bar. The flask was clamped onto a hotplate/stirrer and turned on so that the stir bar would turn freely. Based on the amount of 2-methylphenol, 0.957 mL (0.00287 mmol) NaOH was calculated and collected in a syringe. The NaOH was then added to the 2-methylphenol solution and allowed to mix completely. In another 10 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 0.34 g (2.92 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate was calculated based on the amount of 2-methylphenol and placed into the flask along with 1 mL of water. The sodium chloroacetate solution was mixed until dissolved. The sodium chloroacetate solution was poured into the 2-methylphenol and NaOH solution after it was fully dissolved using a microscale funnel.

The purpose of this lab is to synthesize bromocyclohexane from cyclohexane and pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide using reflex method. The product obtained is put through various tests such as Beistein, NaI, and AgNO3 tests for halogen testing, and GC analysis for determining the purity of the product.

In this experiment, the relative rates of free-radical chain bromination where determined. Five arenes were used for this comparison along with two controls for each set. One set was kept in the dark while the other was put under light. This allowed for better observation of the reactions, as the light set would proceed fast to show which arenes reacted slowest, while the dark set would proceed slowly to show relative differences between the faster reacting arenes. The time it took for the arenes to react was recorded to determine the relative rates of the reactions.

Cyclohexane + Cyclohexene Experiment Prelab What colour is cyclohexane? -Cyclohexane is a colourless solution. What colour is cyclohexene? -Cyclohexene is a colourless solution.

In the experiment, the cyclohexanol solution is used to perform the dehydration process. Cyclohexanol is a six carbon aromatic hydrocarbon with 1 of the hydrogen atoms is substituted by 1 hydroxyl group, OH-. Through dehydration reaction, the hydroxyl group of cyclohexanol is removed causing formation of cyclohexene. Cyclohexene is a six carbon hydrocarbon with a single double bond. Cyclohexanol will undergo E1 elimination mechanism to form cyclohexene. This elimination reaction will cause the loss of a small H-X molecule from adjacent carbon resulting in formation of pi bond. All the E1 mechanism reaction will undergo a process known as heterolytic bond cleavage. The condition for this heterolytic cleavage to occur is when one atom leaves a compound with both of the original bond’s electrons. This will lead to formation of ions. For example, elimination of H-X from an organic compound involves the loss of a proton and a

An alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ester, and ether are examples of the functional group. One of the functional group that tends not to think about is a plain old hydrogen. It is a functional group, but it is normally ignored. It is drawn sometimes, but often time in the structure, it will be left out. There is a reason for the fact that the Hydrogen is normally disregarded.

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

This experiment was aimed to discover which fuel out of ethanol, octanol-1 ad 2-pentanol would be the most suitable to take on a camping trip. This was completed by filling a spirit lamp with one of the three selected fuels and then lighted to heat the water 150C from the initial temperature, after this the spirit lamp was measured before and after; the data that was collected was then used to calculate release of combustion and enthalpy. It was discover that octanol-1 would be the best option out of ethanol, octanol-1 and 2-pentanol to take on a camping trip. This was due to its heat of combustion being higher due to it containing more carbons than the other two fuels. By having more carbons it had a greater heat of combustion which caused

The samples were prepared in vials with one milliliter of methanol and one microliter of sample. Every sample is run under each condition three times with ten microliters being injected each time. The flow rate is set at one milliliter per minute and the temperature is maintained at 20oC. The log of retention times

I. INTRODUCTION Cyanide is a chemical compound containing cyano (─C≡N) groups, comprising carbon and nitrogen radicals, and can be found in various organic and inorganic compounds. Some inorganic cyanide compounds such as sodium cyanide (NaCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN) are groups of compounds having negatively charged polyatomic cyanide ions (CN-). This compound is a salt of a highly toxic hydrocyanic acid. Several types of organic cyanides are usually called nitriles, in which the CN group is covalently bonded to a carbon group, such as methyl (CH3) dimethyl cyanide (acetonitrile). Since nitrile compounds do not release free cyanide ions, they are generally less toxic, or in the case of insoluble polymers such as acrylic fibers, essentially