Cyst Antidepression Case Study

Current medications: Prescribed Antacids, Nexium, q24h, or when pain is severe, Tylenol 500 mg, PO, q12h.

1. What medication would you choose next to manage the pain? Why would you choose this medication?

As studies have reveled, depression and bipolar disorder are the most common sever illnesses and the leading causes of disabilities. Depression and bipolar disorder can be emotionally crippling making it difficult for a person to live life to their fullest capabilities. Cyclothymic is in fact a form of bipolar disorder where as dysthymia is a mild long term mood disorder in the form of depression but, with less severe symptoms. Dysthymia causes long term moodiness that can take over your life every single day for two years or more, it tends to effect more women then men. Cyclothymic disorder has low-grade high periods also known as hippomanias as well as dark periods of depression. Hypomania is a mood state characterized by persistent irritable

My assigned resident for next week is 78- year- old woman. Tricyclic Antidepressant are medicine use to treat mental depression, and this resident is allergic to Tricyclic Antidepressant. She was diagnose with unspecified dementia, which means the symptoms of dementia exists but the cause is unknown. The resident was also diagnosis with cognitive heart failure, which is a weakness of heart meaning that the heart is unable to pump blood normally. Which result of not having enough blood flow to provide the body's organs with oxygen and nutrients. The resident is also diagnosis with diverticular disease of the large intestine. Moreover, resident has anaemia without obstruction. The resident also suffers from Osteoporosis, which is a disorder of thinning of the bones. However, Osteoporosis increase the chance of fractures due to the loss of calcium and other mineral components. Part of the treatment of Osteoporosis

Cyclothymic depression is not as common as other mood disorders, but may cause many emotional problems. It is similar to bipolar illness, where patients will feel extremely happy and powerful at times, and then suddenly they will feel sad and useless (“Cyclothymia”). Only 0.4 percent-one percent of people are diagnosed with cyclothymic depression (“Cyclothymia”). The symptoms are separated into two categories: hypomanic and depressive. Hypomanic symptoms are considered the “highs” of cyclothymia where patients may feel an over abundance of happiness. (“Cyclothymia”). Their self-esteem may rise, and they may not exercise good judgement in some situations, which lead to negative consequences (“Cyclothymia”). They tend to have jumbled, disorganized

Mood disorders can often be treated with success. Treatment may include three types of it: First the Antidepressant, and mood stabilizing medications -- especially when combined with psychotherapy have shown to work very well in the treatment of depression. Second the Psychotherapy, most often cognitive - behavioral and/or interpersonal therapy. This therapy is focused on changing the person’s distorted views of himself or herself and the environment around him or her. It also helps to improve interpersonal relationship skills, and identifying stressors in the environment and how to avoid them. Third the Family therapy, other therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial stimulation. Families play a vital supportive role in

Worldwide, at least 20% of most depressed patients don't respond well to several antidepressant drugs. North America suggests that ketamine through an infusion by vein has a fast and radical change in depression. Unlike any antidepressants, ketamine works directly at the NMDA receptor, and it may detour neurotrophic signaling, which could be the cause of the delayed effects of traditional antidepressants. Some of the side effects are perceptual disturbances, confusion, high blood pressure, euphoria, dizziness and increased sexual drive. Also, these side effects end about 80-110 minutes after the infusion. For the open trial, they recruited a 55-year-old man with a history of major depression. He had no history of personality or mental disorders.

According to the Centers for Disease Control, eleven percent of Americans, ages 12 years and over took antidepressant medication from 2005-2008 (Pratt, 2011). Antidepressants are used to treat conditions such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, insomnia, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders and many other mental illnesses. Antidepressants are also prescribed to treat medical conditions such as, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraines and pre-menstrual tension. General practioners or psychiatrists can prescribe antidepressants to patients at any age.

In order to normalize the serum potassium counts, an intravenous delivery of calcium may be required to normalize cardiac function. To treat the infection itself, antibiotics may be prescribed; however, these antibiotics must be stronger than her prior prescription because of the immunity that most likely developed to the previous medication because the patient stopped taking the medication before recommended. To treat her high blood pressure (which is tied to the headaches and delirium) and edema, blood pressure medications such as ACE inhibitors should be used. These will treat her symptoms by inhibiting the RAAS, increasing urine output and thus reducing blood volume and potentially lowering serum ion

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are among the earliest pharmaceuticals to be used in the treatment of mental depression. They have also been utilized to cure neuropathic and inflammatory diseases such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, and atypical facial pain (Gruber et al., 1996). TCAs have toxic effects on the cardiovascular, autonomic, and central nervous systems, making them a serious threat to life. Some reports have shown that these compounds have the potential to block oxygen consumption in yeasts and human fibroblasts. They can induce apoptosis in the malignant glioma and neuroblastoma cells in vitro and zebra fish embryos. These effects result from inhibition of complex ІІІ of the mitochondrial

Food and Drug Administration specifically for CRPS. There are many different ways to treat CRPS but none of the them work for all patients. All known treatments do not completely get rid of the pain the treatments simply lessen the pain. Since there is not a treatment that works for everyone or that eliminates all of the pain CRPS is considered an incurable disease. Common medications used for CRPS are steroids, blood pressure medication, antidepressants, corticosteroids, seizure medication, or opioids. Physical and occupational therapy are used to keep strength and mobility in the affected limb(s). It is important to keep the affected limb(s) moving because CRPS thrives on immobility. The best thing that a person can do for CRPS is to use the affected area as much as possible. Counseling is used help combat the emotional effects of CRPS. Spinal cord stimulation is a typical treatment. This happens by doctors surgically implanting electrodes near the spinal cord to stop the chronic pain signals from reaching the brain. Topical anesthetic creams are made to put on the skin of the infected area so that the treatment absorbs into the skin where it is needed. Surgical sympathectomy is used as well but there is much controversy over this procedure where doctors surgically destroy some of the nerves in the affected area. Some patients and doctors believe that surgical sympathectomy only makes CRPS

Once a diagnosis of Epididymo-orchitis is made, treatment should be commenced immediately. Epididymo-orchitis is usually treated with antibiotics, analgesics, and if required, surgery. Considering that there is a great associated with sexually transmitted diseases or chronic urethritis/prostatitis presence in patients with Epididymo-orchitis, Fluoroquinolones is recommended as first-line therapy because Fluoroquinolones is very effective against most sexually transmitted diseases (Banyra & Shulyak, 2012). Fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins can also be used in a patient that have not been exposed to many antibiotics. If after 2-3days and there is no improvement with conservative treatment, surgery becomes the next line of treatment

Treatments of cyanosis range from simple remedies to hospitalization. Peripheral cyanosis can be treated by warming the affected area. An initial stabilization of the disorder requires oxygenation, and sometimes breathing machines or ventilators may be necessary. Children who have difficulty feeding due to cyanosis and heart failure because of an underlying cyanotic heart disease need to be administered intravenous fluids. Heart failure patients and those with cyanotic heart disease also need drugs that help the heart pump harder. Drugs may also be prescribed to treat abnormal heartbeats or

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Nonpharmacologic methods are considered to help alleviate pain and discomfort such as ice, heat, repositioning, massage, music therapy, acupuncture etc. (ELNEC (Module 2), 2013).