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Density Formal Lab Report
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Professors Name
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Purpose/Objective:
Determine density of a product for a plastic manufacturing facility. Provide quality control by making sure the physical properties are within design specifications. Density is defined as the ratio of an object’s mass to its volume, measured by dividing mass by volume (density = mass/volume). This was accomplished using two different experimental methods, displacement and floatation. The theory is that both methods should have the same density results; the goal is to determine which method is “best”.
1st Method: Displacement
This method was first known as Archimedes ' principle. The principle states that a body immersed in a fluid is
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Because the displacement method took less time the group was able to complete twice the amount of experiments, having more experiments to back up the data.
Other factors why the displacement method was chosen:
• Materials cost less per experiment
• Materials are easier to attain (water and product vs. glycerin, ethanol and product for floatation method)
• Less chance for error with more time to do additional experiments (16 experiments vs. 8 experiments with the floatation method – refer to table #1 & #2)
• Density outcome for product was essentially the same (group average of 1.04% vs. 1.02% for floatation – refer to Table #1 & Table #2)
There are some potential errors in both methods. For the displacement method, water could splash out of the graduated cylinder causing the density to be inaccurate and lower than the actual density. For the floatation method, the object could float long enough to get the measurement and report findings, but there could be a pocket of glycerin or ethanol that was not dispersed therefore causing the findings to be inaccurate, density could therefore be too high or too low.
If the group were to do the experiment over again what would be done differently is to use the same quantity of product each experiment. This would help explain the findings to the manufacturing company in a clearer, concise way.
Conclusion:
The displacement method was chosen as the best by our
3. Analyze: What do you notice about the density of the Styrofoam pieces? The density remains the same.
To make the results of the experiment valid four variables to take into account are if the freezer is the same temperature for both tests, the water is the same water just different temperatures, the ice cube trays are the same size, and finally both trays are in the freezer for the same amount of time.
Density is the amount of matter per unit of measurement (Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 26 Aug. 2016.). If water has a density of 1.0 g/mL and you place a substance with a density of 1.8 g/mL the substance will sink because it is denser than water. Density is often measured in g/cm^3 or g/mL because the formula for density is D=m/v.
This experiment was performed to determine the difference in density between pre-1982 pennies and post-1982 pennies. In addition, we were given an unknown substance and our task was to configure what it was through calculating its volume,mass, and density. Furthermore, we were being introduced to the procedures of displacement in this experiment as well. All together, we were given the task of finding out why there was a difference in density between the two pennies. My partner, Michael Sapawa, and I first had to measure the mass of both pennies using a scale. Then we calculated the volume of the samples with graduated cylinders through the method known as displacement. We then applied our schema and drew out the formula for density, which
Procedure: Using distilled water, premeasured containers and objects determine displacement of fluids and density of objects. Use ice and heat measure temperatures in Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.
There are several sources of error to this experiment due to random and systematic errors. The only source of random error was the measurement that we took through the graduated cylinder which was only accurate to the nearest 1%. We took the largest error from this one percent, which was +/- 3. The largest relative error this yielded was only 3%, so this did not affect how precise this experiment was too much. We can still make this more precise by making the masses of the water larger. For example if we started the masses at 300mL and went up by 50mL, the largest error this would yield would be 2% due to the largest error being +/- 5. This would cause smaller errors in the amount of water.
I will be doing this experiment to understand density of water compared to the volume of an object. D=m/v=mass/volume
I took the graduated cylinder and started filling it up with water until the bottom of the meniscus was to the the 100.0 mL mark with the assistance of a dropper pipet. I then took the 13 x 100 mm test tube and slowly poured the water from the graduated cylinder into the test tube until it was full to the top. I then poured the water in the test tube out into the sink and put the graduated cylinder on the counter so I can get an accurate measurement of the lower meniscus to record on my data table. I once again followed the same procedure again filling a second test tube with water from the graduated cylinder then setting it on a straight surface to get an accurate measure of the volume to
This experiment was performed to observe differences in density based on the chemical makeup of an object. Pennies minted before 1982, pennies minted after 1982, and an unknown metal sample was tested to see if there were any differences in their densities. Ten pennies from each category and the metal sample were weighed using a scale to find mass and the displacement method was used to find their volumes. The masses and volumes were then used to calculate the densities of the pennies (D=m/v). The density of the pre-1982 pennies were 8.6 g/mL while the post-1982 pennies were 6.9 g/mL. The metal sample’s density was 1.7 g/mL. Following the experiment we were given the real densities of each item to calculate the percent error with the formula
Abstract: The objective of the lab is to determine the volumes of the polystyrene spheres with three different measuring tools: Water Displacement, Analytical Scale, and Triple Beam Balance Scale. The experiment is meant to help understand the concept and application of precision and accuracy in experimental measurements. Accuracy is a measure of how closely the results of repeated measurements are to the true value of what is being measured. Precision is the variability in the results from the repeated measurements, and how close the repeated measurements were to one another. In this lab, the method for measuring the volume of the polystyrene spheres is done with the previously stated tools: Water Displacement, Analytical Scale, and Triple Beam Balance Scale. The standard deviation for the entire classes volumes and masses are recorded to determine the densities.
2. In order to calculate the density of a solid or liquid sample, what measurements are needed?
In Measuring and Understanding Density, several experiments were performed to find density of regularly shaped objects, irregularly shaped objects, liquids and gasses. An additional experiment was done to find the specific gravity of a sampling of liquids. The purpose of the experiment was to provide a better understanding of density and to be able to extrapolate unknowns based upon these calculations. The experiments yielded data in keeping with Kinetic-molecular theory in regards to the density of water versus its temperature. Key measurements and formulae were also used to determine densities of metal and plastic objects as well as irregularly shaped rocks. It is possible to find the density of an object (be it liquid, gas or
The experiment is repeated twice and an average is obtained. This ensures the consistency of the measurement as the reading is triplicated, thus reducing anomalies. It can be seen that the reading obtained were around the same value. This proves that the results are reliable.
- The use of a scientific control groups is important because it can segregate the effect of
After that, it is crucial to convert the mass to volume. The water density at a temperature will aid this process. The compliance of the Volume Occupied by 1.000g of Water Weigh in Air table is deemed necessary throughout the comparison.