Describe The Difference Between Antigen And Rho Antibodies

An antigen is anything in the body the is non self which could include bacteria, viruses, chemicals or abnormal cell growth.

a. Antibodies allow scientists to target and identify specific disease agents because they bind to antigens to counteract them. The more antigens you have, the more antibodies you have, the more the of the virus/bacteria that there is in you.

Antibodies are involved in the immune response. They're made up of two light polypeptide chains and two heavy polypeptide chains bonded together. Antibodies have a variable region which acts in a similar way to the active site of an enzyme. Each antibody has a variable region that is the complementary shape for a particular antigen and

Immunology basically involves understanding the immune system and how it responds to various disease conditions. the immune system consists of a number of components. Traditionally, it is divided into humoral and cellular immune responses. It can also be distinguished into innate and adaptive immunity. The innate immunity can discriminate between normal tissues , self and newly encountered non-self-proteins while the adaptive immunity is the more complex system aimed at the eradication of intracellular pathogens. To do this, antigen derived from such pathogens that are often new to the host organism, need to be recognised by receptor-bearing specialised immune cells which respond to a complex system of stimulatory and costimulatory signals. Better understanding of the human immune system has led to the identification of a number of tumor-associated antigens in the 1980s and the development of various immunotherapeutic approaches. In recent years, identification of the specific antigenic MHC class I epitopes, advancements in genetic engineering, gene delivery, and cell-based therapeutic approaches allowed development of the novel immunotherapeutics.

Antibodies and antigens in the blood are looked at to find blood type. “Blood also contains proteins called antigens, but antibodies only attach to foreign antigens” (Rohrig 4). Antibodies are proteins in the human body that keeps us healthy. If they recognize a foreign substance, such as an infection, they attack it to keep the sickness out. Antibodies are chemical components that make up the blood. Antibodies are similar to white blood cells, they do the same job but antibodies are a protein. “Some people have only A antigens on their red blood cells some have only B, some have both A and B and some have none, making these people’s blood types A, B, AB, and O” (Rohrig 4). Antigens are another chemical component of the blood that determines a person's blood type. Looking at the blood type and chemical components of the blood requires chemistry. Chemistry is related to the forensics of blood by blood

Vaccines are designed to put foreign antigens into the body so the body will produce antibodies to fight it off. When an antigen is

Let’s say a 16 year old boy with Type O- blood is involved in a motor vehicle accident and is in desperate need of blood. He has Type O- blood. His RBC’s don’t have any proteins on their surface. But remember we said that our bodies have antibodies or ammunition against the proteins that are not our own. So, his blood contains antibodies against A proteins, B proteins, and the Rh factor. We don’t want his body to adversely react with the donor’s blood. If his body attacks the transfused blood cells, the transfusion would be null and void. So, in this case, it would only be safe to give the patient Type O-blood. This example illustrates why the patient could only receive Type O blood because (point to slide) his blood would clump with

5.1 Antigens provide the body with immunity. The immune system then creates its own way of defending the body against unknown antigens. This kind of defense is known as the immune response and mostly based from the production of specific protein molecules which are named antibodies, which eliminate unknown substances. The immune response which is more effective are created by responding to an organism which is alive. Once the antigen has been put into the body it will provide the body with immunity for a long time if not forever. (The Immunisation Advisory Centre [TIAC], 2016, para. 5)

When certain germs enter the body, the human immune system recognizes these germs as foreign substances and then proceeds to produce antibodies

Substances that cause antibodies to be made to protect the body from being harmed. Antigens are identified as foreign or bad substances by the immune system. Foreign antigens, viruses, bacteria, etc. come from outside environments. Auto antigens are normal body substances mistakenly attacked as a foreign antigen.

There are two different types of immunity, passive and active. Passive immunity is when a person is transferred those antibodies from one person to another. This usually happens during child birth from mother to fetus or by nursing the infant. A great example of passive immunity would be receiving the rabies vaccine after a dog bite and you are unsure if the dog does have rabies. Another one would be the Hepatitis A vaccine, usually required when traveling overseas Active immunity is an acquired immunity which develops after a patient is given the antigen via a immunization. There are advantages to active immunity; duration of the immunity and the types of protection they provide. There are also disadvantages which are, there is a time

antibodies are now present in the body, if the body is invaded by the germs that actually cause the

When a mother transfer her own antibodies to her baby through breast feeding. Also, when a person is given an injection of antibodies if they suspect that they have been exposed to a disease such as tetanus or diphtheria. In this situation, immunity is established immediately.”

2. Antibodies are Y shaped gamma globulin proteins found in the blood or lymph tissue. They are made by B cells as an immune defense against foreign antigens. Each antibody binds to a specific antigen. A Genome is a set of DNA. An Antigen is a foreign molecule which triggers the production of antibodies by the immune system. Every human has an Adaptive Immune System and an Innate Immune system.

The immune system is a system of biological processes within an organism against the invasion from the surrounding. And different antigen is produced by different type of gene (Campbell NA, 1996).