6LoWPAN integrates IP-based infrastructures and WSNs by specifying how IPv6 packets are to be routed in limited networks consisting of IEEE 802.15.4 networks. Because of the constrained payload size of the link layer in 6LoWPAN networks, the 6LoWPAN standard also defines fragmentation and reassembly of datagram. The IEEE 802.15.4 frame size may additionally exceed the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) size of 127 bytes for massive application data, in that case additional fragments are needed. 6LoWPAN networks are connects to the Internet through the 6BR (6LoWPAN Border Router) that is analogous to a sink in a WSN. It plays compression or decompression and fragmentation or assembly of IPv6 datagram’s.
2. RPL
RPL stands for…show more content…
The root initially broadcasts a DIO message (DODAG Information Object) as depicted in Figure 1. This message contains the information required by RPL nodes to discover a RPL instance, get its configuration parameters, select a parent set, and maintain the DODAG graph. Upon receiving a DIO message, a node adds the sender of the message to its parents list and determines its own rank value by taking into account the objective function referred in the DIO message. The rank value of a node corresponds to its position in the graph with respect to the root and must always be greater than its parents rank in order to guarantee the acyclic nature of the graph. It then forwards updated DIO messages to its neighbors. Based on its parents list, the node selects a preferred parent which becomes the default gateway to be used when data has to be sent toward the DODAG root. At the end of this process, all the nodes participating in the DODAG graph have an upward default route to the DODAG root. This route is composed of all the preferred parents. The DIO messages are periodically sent according to a timer set with the trickle algorithm [16] which optimizes the transmission frequency of control messages depending on the network state. A new node may join an existing network by broadcasting a DIS message (DODAG Information Solicitation) in order to solicit DIO messages from its neighbors. The DAO messages (Destination Advertisement Object)
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