Archiving
When testing if a webpage is archived and how often is it archived one important factor is when is the webpage created. If a webpage is created in 2000 we would assume it will be archived several times. However, if the webpage is created yesterday we would assume it might not be archived or at least once. So here we want to figure out the creation date of our collection and make sure we have a different variety of creation years.
One method to determine when the URIs are created is to find out when was the domain name created. This can be done using the "Whois protocol" [14]. However, using this method we only found 3533 creation date out of 7976 Arabic seed URIs . The oldest creation date we found using this method in our collection of Aranic seed URIs was 1996.
Another method is the carbon date tool, it searches for creation date in the indexed search engines, archived in the public archives, and shared in the social media and save the oldest date found as the creation date. We have to note that creation dates obtained are just an estimate [15].
Figure 3 shows the creation date and its frequency. It shows we have a large distribution of creation dates. And the maximum creation date was in 2005 where almost 500 websites are created.
ARCHIVE
Online websites are crawled and are archived so they can be available for any special-purpose [16].
We checked if Arabic URIs are archived using the memento web time map. We collected the datetime map of the original website
Created 22 years ago on October 1st 1994 by computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee the W3 Consortium is the main standards organization for the World Wide Web. The W3 Consortium was created with the vision of “participation, sharing knowledge, and thereby building trust on a global scale” (W3C mission, 2016). As of today there is roughly 350 member organizations part of the W3 Consortium all over the world.
Radiometric dating is still being used today. Modern uranium-lead radioactive dating of meteorites and earth materials gives us today's estimate that the earth is about 4.5 billion years
Encyclopaedia Britannica also states that it is “proved to be a versatile technique of dating fossils and archaeological specimens from 500 to 50,000 years old” (1998). This method of age determination is dependent upon the decay of nitrogen and radiocarbon (Carbon-14) (Encyclopaediea Britannica, 1998; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating, 2011). Carbon-14 is continually formed in nature by the interaction of neutrons with nitrogen-14 in the Earth’s atmosphere (Encyclopaediea Britannica, 1998; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating, 2011) and all living things exchange the gas carbon-14 with the atmosphere surrounding them. The amount of carbon-14 exchanged into the living organism is perfectly balanced with its surroundings, but when an organism dies, they stop taking in the gas and that equilibrium is damaged. Because Carbon-14 slowly decays at a known rate called its “half-life” in a dead organism, scientists can figure out how long ago it had stopped exchanging carbon with its atmosphere. Thus, its age can be determined by measuring the amount of Carbon-14 in a sample (Hirst, 2017; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating, 2017; Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit Research Laboratory for Archaeology, n.d.; Earthsky, 2017; Cram, 1993). With the utilisation of Radiocarbon Dating, scientists have been able to discover that Lindow
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The first step is to identify whether the URL is of http or https. In the beginning, network administrators had to figure out how to share the information they put out on the Internet. It is agreed on a procedure for exchanging information and called it HyperText Transfer Protocol. Using HTTPS, the computers agree on a "code" between them, and then they scramble the messages using that "code" so that no one in between can read them. This keeps your information safe from hackers. It uses the "code" on a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), sometimes called Transport Layer Security (TLS) to send the information back and forth.
While reviewing WebMD for its credibility and/or authority, I made some very interesting observations! It did not state who originally created the webpage; it only stated it was created in the year 2005. The main authors who oversee the information are as follows: Micheal
Q2: When you enter to AAU library system for search book titles about ' internet technology' as shown in the figure:
Set the “revisit in” drop-down menu to 300 years and then click the Run Experiment button. Click the Input Summary tab and note that in
The second method, used by Donahue, Olin, and Harbottle in their testing of the Vinland Map is radiocarbon dating (Donahue, Olin, Harbottle, 2000). Radiocarbon dating is based on the decay of a specific carbon isotope known as 14C. All organisms contain 14C and once an organism dies, scientists are able to measure how much 14C has decayed in an organism. By measuring this rate of decay, scientists are able to date the age of an organism (Higham). Since the Vinland Map is drawn on
In this present web-savvy era, URL is a genuinely basic abbreviation which is broadly utilized as a word as a part of itself, without much thought for what it remains or what it is included. In this paper, the fundamental ideas of URLs and internet Cookies are discussed about with spotlight on its significance in Analytics perspective.
In Chapter 11 “Deciphering Earth’s History” of the book “Earth Science” by Tarbuck and Lutgens, it explains to the audience how scientists have come up with new ways to figure out the age of Earth and even mountains, rivers and fossils. Some ideas such as rock layers, fossils, and radioactivity are some of the ways scientists use to figure out the exact date the earth was created and even find out how old some parts of the world are. Finding out the exact times many mountains, rivers, fossils and humans actually existed can help us put them down on the Geologic Time Scale and also answer questions such as, “Did humans and Dinosaurs Ever
The Curiosity rover itself will age date the rock in order to determine if water was ever present on mars, how many years ago water was in the basin, the age of the rocks. The first form of age dating involves identifying the age of the rock itself, and the second is how recently the rock has been exposed at the surface. The first type of age process represents how long ago that Mars had an earth-like climate, and the second type of age process refers to how long the rock may have been impacted by cratering environments and volcanic activity. In the past crater counting usually helped to determine the age of the surface of the mars. The more surface craters there were, the oldest the planet was thought to be.
This method is used to determine the exact age of fossils, artifacts and the earth. This involves, examining several strata of the crust of the earth to show the time intervals of one layer of rock to another layer as well as use the layering principle to confirm the series of cultures.
On September 15th, 1997, the Google domain name was registered, and on September 4th 1998 the Google company was incorporated. At the time, the very small company was based out of a friend 's garage in