Diabetes : A Common Metabolic Disorder

Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, is a chronic illness this means that it has no cure and the symptoms persist over a long period of time. This illness is a result of an imbalance of hormones, insulin, produced in the pancreas. Insulin plays an important role in how the body uses food. Insulin enables the cells in the bloodstream to absorb and use glucose for fuel. If the pancreas produces too little or no insulin or if the insulin doesn’t work properly the person may become diabetic. Therefore, diabetics are not able to properly convert food into fuels needed by the body to function, which can seriously lead to physical consequences.

Diabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. It is a serious health problem throughout the world and fourth leading cause of death by disease in the country. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucos in the blood. To understand why this happens it would helpful if we understand how the body usually works. When we eat, our body breaks down the food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into the bloodstream, where it then travels to all the cells in your body. The cells use the glucose for energy. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move the glucose from bloodstream to the cells. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus further explains the concept on how this disease works. Pancreas

Diabetes can be diagnosed by several tests. The fasting blood glucose test is a common test to use. To perform this test patients are not allowed to eat or drink for at least eight hours. This test is usually done in the morning before breakfast. A blood specimen is collected and sent to the lab. A normal result is a glucose level less than 100 mg/dL. Any result greater than 100 mg/dL on two or more tests indicates diabetes. Random blood glucose testing may also indicate diabetes. A random blood draw is obtained at any point in the day and sent for testing. A level greater than 200 mg/dL is positive for diagnosis.

Diabetes mellitus Type 2 also known as adult onset diabetes is the most common form of diabetes today. Type 2 Diabetes can be caused by a lack of insulin created or the cells in the body being insulin resistant. Insulin is needed for the body to be able to use glucose (sugar) as energy for the cells. Insulin resistance causes your body to create more insulin than you need in your body to compensate for the insulin your cells are not able to use. Over time the pancreas fails to make extra insulin. This is why Type 2 Diabetes is seen more in people over 65, according to the American Diabetes Association. Without a healthy body, the pancreas will be unable to produce extra insulin to account for the transferring of an adequate amount of blood glucose to the cells. With a low glucose level in the cells, the cells fail to fuel the body which can lead to cells being energy starved. A high glucose level in the blood can lead to damages to the heart, eyes, kidneys and nerves over time. Even though Type 2

Diagnostic test of type 1 diabetes can include urine test for high levels of glucose which will indicate that there is not enough insulin being released. Blood test can help to determine if the patient present type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Type one diabetes will be significant for autoantigens that may

The biology behind this disease known as type 2 diabetes, in most cases, sources highlight that type 2 diabetes is when your body doesn 't produce enough insulin. Such as Diabetes New Zealand according to the New Zealand website it defines ‘in type 2 diabetes, either the body doesn 't produce enough insulin or the cells in the body don’t recognise the insulin that is present’. Type 2 diabetes is when you eat carbohydrate food, chemical in your small intestine break them down into glucose. The cells lining absorb the glucose which passes into the bloodstream. When it gets to the pancreas, beta cells inside the pancreas detect the rising glucose levels. Beta cells reduce the glucose levels by releasing insulin into the bloodstream. As the blood circulates around the body the insulin and glucose exit the bloodstream into the tissues which goes into the body cell. Most cells in your body have receptors that allow the circulating insulin to attach to one another, allowing the circulating glucose to enter inside the body cell. Glucose helps the body get the energy that is needed to function properly. But

There are two main lab tests that can be done to confirm the diagnosis of both types of Diabetes. The first is a Plasma Glucose test. In this procedure, a small drop of blood is taken and the glucose is measured. In a random blood glucose test (non-fasting), a result of 200 mg/dl or higher is indicative of Type I diabetes (Khardori, 2015). In a fasting blood glucose test (patient does not eat for at least 8 hours before the test), a result of 125 mg/dl or higher is indicative of Type I diabetes (Khardori, 2015). The second blood test for diabetes that is available is an HbA1c test. This test gives the provider a good estimate of the blood glucose levels over the past 120 days (Khardori, 2015). For this test, any result over 6.5% is considered indicative of Diabetes.

Diabetes is considered a metabolic disorder. Glucose is obtained from the food we ingest and normally insulin is released as the glucose levels rise. Insulin is produced in the pancreas by cells called Beta cells. Diabetes results from an imbalance of the hormone insulin. When Beta Cells fail to produce insulin the levels of glucose in the blood rise as the kidney is not able to filtrate the high amounts of glucose in the blood. Another cause of diabetes can be insulin resistance. Insulin resistance occurs when the body is not able to utilize the available insulin. Insulin is in charge of maintaining the proper levels of glucose in the plasma. Insulin levels are raised when the levels of glucose in the blood are high. Insulin activates the absorption of glucose by the cells that need it. The excess glucose is filtered out of the body as urine. This is the cause for constant urination in diabetics. As the body tries to get rid of the excess glucose polyuria occurs. Glucose is of great importance as it provides energy to cells such as those in the muscles and brain to properly function. In diabetics even though there is high levels of glucose the organs are not able to utilize it because insulin is not sufficient and the absorption of glucose by the cells does not occur. Symptoms may not be evident but the may increase as the disease progresses. There are three major types of diabetes, type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes which will be fully explained

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases which affect the amount of glucose in the blood. The high blood glucose levels are caused by the body not being able to produce enough insulin to meet its metabolic needs. Insulin is a hormone released from the pancreas which controls the amount of glucose in the blood. When there is too much glucose in the blood insulin will be released which will move glucose into the cells. Once in the cells the glucose is used as an energy source or it is stored as glycogen. There are two diseases which fall under diabetes mellitus which are type I and type II. In type I diabetes the body cannot produce insulin due to the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Type II diabetes is

Throughout your life, many things change. From your style of clothes to the length of your hair. What also changes throughout your life is your health. Everyone experiences some sort of health issue in their lifetime that can affect them directly and indirectly. You could actually have a health related issue which can affect yourself and your loved ones in many different ways. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, Parkinson’s disease, chronic kidney disease, shingles, metastatic melanoma cancer are a few health issues that run in my family. Many of these issues are found on both my mom and dads’ side of the family meaning I could eventually end up with having some of them. If I can’t prevent them and I happen to get some of these diseases and illnesses, there are ways to treat them.

Diabetes, or also called Diabetes Mellitus, is a group of metabolic diseases inside our body, in which there are high sugar levels in the blood over a period of time because the body does not properly process food to use as energy like it should. The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies. Insulin is one of the main hormones produced in our body that regulates blood sugar levels and allows us to use the sugar (called glucose) for energy. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn 't make enough insulin or

Diabetes is a very common disease in the world, especially in the western countries; it's a disease that has chronic abnormal high glucose level in the blood, which may caused by insufficient production of insulin, or improper functionality of insulin and its receptors in the metabolic pathways and mechanisms (Hansen, 2012).

Diabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. Glucose, a simple sugar, is the primary source of fuel for our bodies. When food is digested, some of the food will be converted into glucose which is then transferred from the blood into the cells however, insulin, which is produced by beta cells in the pancreas is needed. In individuals with diabetes, this process is impaired.

Diabetes mellitus (sometimes called "sugar diabetes") is a condition that occurs when the body can 't use glucose (a type of sugar) normally. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body 's cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells.

Diabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. Glucose is the primary source of fuel for our body. When foods were digested, some of those foods were converted into glucose. Glucose then is transferred into the bloodstream and is used by cells for energy. However, for the glucose to be transferred from the blood into the cells; insulin, which was produced by the beta cells in the pancreas is needed. In individuals with diabetes, this process is impaired. Currently, the disease affects approximately 371 million people of the world 's population with incidence and prevalence rates rising rapidly (Alotabi, A., Al-Ganmi, A., Gholizadeh, L., and Perry, L, 2016). According to Center for Disease and Control Prevention (2015), approximately 29.1 million people in the US have been diagnosed with diabetes, placing them at increased risk for the many adverse health complications of poor control. If the current trend follows, it is expected that 1 in 3 Americans will have diabetes by 2050 (CDC, 2015). Diabetes is categorized into three major types as the following: type 1 diabetes mellitus is defined as people with diabetes either have too little or no insulin; type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to the cells cannot use the insulin, so glucose builds up in the blood, and gestational diabetes mellitus is usually diagnosed in either second or trimester