Diabetic Retinopathy Paper

Many people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes eventually struggle with vision problems, and when they do they turn to the professional healthcare team at Tri-State Eye in Middletown, NY, and Milford, PA. Their team of eye doctors offers specialized treatments to alleviate diabetic retinopathy and minimize the risk of blindness in people with diabetes. Here, they explain more about what diabetic retinopathy is and how it can affect you or your loved ones.

The current work includes the detection of the various area of interest in the retinal images of the patients suffering from Diabetic Retinopathy. The detection is based on the basic if-else condition. MATLAB 2013 is been used for accomplishment of the

Preproliferative retinopathy indicates further destruction of retinal capillaries. Proliferative retinopathy is the severe form and the capillaries become occluded, and new blood vessels are formed to supply the retina with blood. It is caused by damage to the sensitive blood vessels in the eyes. Retinopathy can be worsened by severe hypertension because of the additional stress it places on the blood vessels. Diabetic patients should be referred to ophthalmolgists for annual eye examination (Baumann, Chang & Hoebeke 2002:191; Butterworth Medical Dictionary 1990:1467; Campbell, Pearson, Ratner & Wysham 1997:69; Long term Complications [sa]:36; Recognition [Sa]:31; Smeltzer & Bare

The dry form is broken down into three stages; Early, Intermediate, and Advanced (National Eye Institute 3). In the Early stage, people have several small or few medium yellow deposits under the retina called drusen. This stage shows no symptoms or vision loss. During the second stage, Intermediate, more medium or even large deposits happen. As this happens, a blurred spot can develop and more light could be needed for reading. Lastly, in the Advanced stage, a breakdown of light-sensitive cells and tissue causes the blurred spot to enlarge and darken. In this latter stage, facial recognition is unlikely unless the person is extremely close. Either form of Macular Degeneration can only be detected by thorough eye exams. The exam should include visual acuity, which measures sight at varied distance intervals. Also, dilation of the eyes will allow an ophthalmologist to check the retina and optic nerve. An instrument called a Tonometer will measure pressure within the eyes (National Eye Institute 6).

As humans, we don't always see with our eyes, but often with our imagination (Grunwald, 2016). Often times as people we never realize how useful our vision really is to us. You really don't think about something like that until it would actual happen to you. Throughout this essay, you will learn how the body is affected by Macular Degeneration (MD). Different signs and symptoms, as well as the etiology of MD, will be discussed. In the following, diagnosis tests and treatments may also be listed in order to help others who would like to know more about MD. Not to mention, you will learn the incidence and progression of MD. Furthermore, information though agencies and associations, as well as new research about MD will be given.

Retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that effects the eyes. Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss globally. Statistically, all Type 1 diabetics and up to 60% of Type 2 diabetics will develop diabetic retinopathy. Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients. More than 50 diabetic patients develop blindness each day. The exact causes of diabetic retinopathy are still being discovered. Diet and alcohol consumption have been found to lead to the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. Treatments including early detection, consuming a Mediterranean diet, and taking various

See the eye doctor. An ophthalmologist can check you for diabetes-related eye disease. Not everyone with diabetes develops vision problems, but most are very treatable and catching them early helps.

This article goes in detail about the complications of Type 2 Diabetes, on how hyperglycemia damages the vascular system leading to microvascular disease and macrovascular disease. The complications of microvascular disease are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. On the other hand, with macrovascular disease includes Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD), such as Atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the article gives recommendations of treating Type 2 Diabetes and the prevention of its health related complications with medication, screening, diet, and exercise.

One of many major diabetic health complications is retinopathy. Retinopathy is the scarring of the retina, which is caused by a lack of oxygen reaching the blood vessels in the retina. As a result, the retina grows new but abnormal blood vessels that leak blood and causes scarring. Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults.

Do you know what the leading cause of blindness is in Americans from ages 20 to 74? It is diabetes an illness that changes the way the body breaks down and absorbs sugars. These changes, doctors feel, take away oxygen that the retina needs. (The retina is the back layer of the eye and it is where sharp images are formed.) When this happens’ some small blood vessels may become weak and break, vision problems occur when this blood leaks into the areas around the retina. Diabetes can also cause glaucoma and cataracts. Glaucoma is a disease that causes a lot of pressure in the eye because too much fluid builds up. Cataracts, on the other hand, cloud the lens of the eye and this makes a person feel like he or she is looking through a grimy window.

Type 2 diabetes is becoming more and more common in children and teenagers because of the increase in obesity in young people” (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2011). As a result, there a many risk factors and health risks associated with type 2 diabetes. Risk factors include people with poorly managed blood glucose, overweight, family history, and poor diet. In people with diabetes kidney disease or kidney damage is a complication of diabetes, the nephrons slowly thicken and become scarred over time. The kidneys begin to leak and protein (albumin) passes into the urine. This damage can happen years before any symptoms begin” (National Library of Medicine, 2014). Secondly, diabetic retinopathy is a condition which causes progressive damage to the retina, the light sensitive lining at the back of the eye. Diabetic retinopathy is the result of damage to the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina. They leak blood and other fluids that cause swelling of retinal tissue and clouding of vision” (American Optometric Association, 2014). Lastly, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (2013) diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders which can occur overtime and develop nerve damage throughout the

These changes typically affect small blood vessels in the eye and compromise the blood-retinal barrier. When viewing the retina with the use of an ophthalmoscope or via retinal imaging, haemorrhages appearing as small red spots can be seen which are leaks in the blood vessels. Overtime these tiny leaks within the affected blood vessels create inflammation within the retina. As a result of these inflammatory processes, the retina releases angiogenic factors. Angiogenic factors include the production of new blood vessels within the eye. These new blood vessels don’t have tight junctions and are therefore extremely leaky. If diabetic retinopathy is not treated it can result in severe scarring on the retina which evidently gives reduction in

Even with the improvements in diabetes control and patient care, Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of death than the general population. For the current modelling analysis, the relative risk (RR) of death was estimated to be 2.45 for patients with DME and this was estimated based on the results from two studies. Mulnier et al. reported a RR of 1.93 (95%:CI: 1.89 to 1.97) for diabetic patients when compared to the general population.23 In the second study, Hirai et al., determined that the RR of death in diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.01 to 1.61).24 By combining the two estimates, the overall RR of mortality used in the model was 2.45 (i.e. 1.93 x 1.27).

Glaucoma is a common and important health problem. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in Western Society (Hoskins & Kass, 1989). It is responsible for ten percent of all blindness in the United States and continues to be the second or third most common cause of blindness in the world (Bunce, Fraser, & Wormald, 1999). It is estimated that two million people in the United States have been diagnosed as having glaucoma. Glaucoma is known to affect about two percent of Caucasians beginning at the age of 40 with an increasing risk for those over the age of 60. This risk is especially high if a member of the family has glaucoma or diabetes. Further, there is a higher risk of a glaucoma diagnosis for African Americans

Besides untreated diabetes can damage body organs, so it’s crucial to diagnose diabetes in an induvial as early as possible to avoid life-threatening symptoms. Diabetes can cause long-term health problems, such as blindness or even vision loss, it is also responsible for