Diesel Engines Fuel Pressure Is Controlled Mechanically And Depending On The Camshaft

In 2002 a joint project between International Navistar and the Ford Motor Company was born. “The goal of this project was to create an engine that was fuel efficient, emission compliant and would be able to outperform all of the competition” (Banks Power). With over 2 million ford super duty’s equipped with the 7.3l Powerstroke engine on the road, the new engine would have big shoes to fill. The engine that was to replace the outdated, underpowered and overall inadequate 7.3l Powerstroke was the International Navistar 6.0l turbo diesel.

2. “ Because of their efficiency and durability, diesel engines have become the standard in powering trucks and buses. Other heavy vehicles and mobile equipment, including bulldozers and cranes, are also powered by diesel engines, as are many commercial boats, and some passenger cars and trucks. Diesel technicians handle many kinds of repairs. They may work on a vehicle’s electrical system, make major engine repairs, or retrofit exhaust systems with emission control systems to comply with pollution regulations. Diesel engine maintenance and repair is becoming more complex as engines and other components use more electronic systems to control their operation. For example, fuel injection and engine timing systems rely

In today’s motorized life , It’s difficult to live without motor (Engines) and the main source of it’s input power is fossil fuels & partly electric power. In future these fuels or electricity may not be available widely as they are non renewable energies. So, it may be difficult to use engine with the fuels.

The world we live in is surrounded by diesel engines. They are on the freeways, railways, airways, and are one of the leading electricity producers in the world. They are also becoming more popular in automobiles. These engines are efficient and reliable and they are getting very sophisticated. However, the physics behind these engines has not changed.

In this study, a Spark Ignition (SI) RENAULT F4RT engine has been modeled with $3$ gases (air, fuel and burned gas). It is a four-cylinder, in-line Port Fuel Injector (PFI), engine in which the engine displacement is $\SI{2000}{cm^3}$. The combustion is considered as homogeneous. The air path (AP) consists in a turbocharger with a mono-scroll turbine controlled by a waste-gate, an intake throttle and a downstream-compressor heat exchanger. This engine is equipped with two Variable Valve Timing (VVT) devices, for intake and exhaust valves, to improve the engine efficiency (performance, fuel and emissions).

Diesel Cycle is a compression ignition engine rather than the spark ignition which is invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1897. It is used widely in diesel engines. Diesel engine is as same as Otto cycle but in diesel cycle there is a constant pressure process rather than constant volume process in Otto cycle. Diesel cycle can be explained and understood with the of P-V and T-S Diagram.

This paper presents exergetic evaluation of single cylinder direct injection, water cooled diesel engine at varying operating conditions. Normally, first law of thermodynamics has been used to analyze the engine cycle process. However recent research indicates that the first law of thermodynamics is inadequate to study the diesel engine performance. Exergy analysis is used to determine in detail the amounts of losses in a system and locations where they occur, and the processes that cause them so the application of exergy analysis for diesel engine allows determining the sources of irreversibilities and obtaining more accurate information about engine efficiency. An Exergy-based performance analysis is based on the second law of thermodynamics that overcomes the limitation of an energy-based analysis.

Modern combustion engines work in 4 very simple stages. Firstly, the downward motion of the piston draws air into the cylinder through the open intake valve due to atmospheric pressure, and a fine aerosol of fuel is distributed into this. Then, the piston rises back up and compresses this mixture, before the spark plug ignites it. The sudden increase in pressure drives the piston back down again, before these exhaust fumes are ejected through the outlet valve.

With the growing number of vehicle, energy shortage and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. Researches on alternative fuels and advanced engine technology have been conducted intensively in recent year to reduce vehicle emission and achieve high engine efficiency. The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion engine which operates on lean mixtures and has a gasoline engine-like mixture forming process and diesel engine-like igniting method receives a growing concern.

The concept of variable valve timing has existed for some time. Unfortunately, the ability to achieve truly variable valve timing has eluded automotive manufacturers. Most variable timing mechanisms were created as tools for the automotive engineer. Their use was limited to the laboratory as a means of testing multiple, “virtual” cam profiles. These early camless engines allowed for the designers to choose the best cams for the engine under scrutiny, but were less than energy efficient. Furthermore, they were laboratory machines and were not capable of being mass produced or utilized in an automobile. There have been a few attempts at developing production models of camless engines, most notably by Ford, but the use of solenoids has impeded their implementation. Using solenoids to control hydraulic fluid and ultimately the opening and closing of the engine valves introduces its own limitations. The solenoids consume considerable energy and are a binary control device – they are either on or off. Therefore the hydraulic fluid, controlled

Whereas ordinary diesel direct fuel-injection systems have to build up pressure anew for each and every injection cycle, the new common rail (line) engines maintain constant pressure regardless of the injection sequence. This pressure then remains permanently available throughout the fuel line. The engine's electronic timing regulates injection pressure according to engine speed and load. The electronic control unit (ECU) modifies injection pressure precisely and as needed,

In the past, in diesel engine fuel pressure was controlled mechanically and depending on the camshaft. Due to this geography lots of problems occurs like engine emission, engine torque, engine efficiency etc. To overcome these problem or for the better performance caterpillar invented new technology called Hydraulically actuated Electronic Unit Injection (HEUI) fuel systems.

A Review: Efficiency Improvement and Reduction in emission by using blended vegetable oil Bio-Diesel in C.I. Engine.

This paper is a description of design of 5 stroke engine. Basic principle of Otto cycle which is used in all the gasoline engines is described to polish the basic concept of gasoline engines. 5 stroke engine which was first designed by ilmor engineering limited is being studied by several different universities and research workers. As an idea to present Gerhard Schmitz gave theory of 5 stroke engine. Several hypothesis has been made on this idea. In this paper explanation of almost all the aspects of engine necessary are covered including balancing of engine, efficiency of engine, noise generated in the engine, exhaust gases in the engine, compression ratios, emission problems, feasibility of 5 stroke engine and also suitable comparison of 4 stroke basic gasoline engines with 5 stroke engines. Feasibility of hypothesis of 4 strokes being replaced by 5 stroke in the coming time is described. Description of detailed engine design and results of preliminary research done on it is included in this report. Results of the research confirmed that efficiency of 5 stroke engine is more than 4 stroke engine.

7. A microprocessor based fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine having an electromechanical fuel injector means located in the throttle body of the engine, said system comprising;