What follows is a select representation of different methods and techniques that have been used to record emotions. Though it may not be a comprehensive list, the aim of presenting these systems is to assess their use in a live musical performance. Self-report. Instinctively the first manner of measuring emotional response to music would be to ask the person how they are feeling. In studies, this usually takes the form of a survey in which researchers have participants report their emotional states on a scale, such as in Zenter and Scherer (2008) whom designed their own measuring scale, the Geneva Emotional Music Scale. As simple as this might be to measure, it is important to note that these usually only measure the subjective experience of music and are recorded right after or close to the presentation of the stimulus, rather than in the moment of experiencing (Juslin & Sloboda, 2001). This would present issues when trying to measure a performer’s emotional states, since it might require an interruption of the performance and withdrawal from the immediate emotional state.
Physiological measures. One of the more readily referenced methods is the measuring of physiological measures, such as heart-rate, galvanic skin response, skin temperature, blood pressure, and muscle tension. Of these, the most commonly used measure in studies that focus on music and emotion interactions is heart-rate and galvanic skin response (Coutinho & Cangelosi, 2011). These measures appear to
The regulation of emotions is an extremely important skill to maintain good mental health. Music has a powerful ability to induce emotion which many people use to regulate emotions. People who have been diagnosed with depression use music as a coping mechanism. College students
A chemical substance used in the treatment, cure,prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being. A key factor appears to be rhythm. One reason is that neurons in the brainstem seem to fire synchronously with the tempo of sounds we hear. In a review of research on the neurochemistry of music, Levitin and his colleague Mona Lisa Chanda cited research showing that slow-tempo music can reduce heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and other responses controlled by the brainstem. Such rhythm effects might help music combat stress and anxiety(Young). When this happens people become a more relaxed person because your breathing slows and your blood pressure drops. This is helpful in people who have depression, anxiety, etc. I know through personal experience that this statement is true. I became depressed when my mother took back my horrid step father. It allowed me to feel sad, happy, and angry all at the same time. It helped me to let things go and to learn things from the lyrics. The only way I could cope with things was talking to my friends and listening to
During a musical performance many elements to be looked are not easily recognized by the average critic. A musical performance has multiple interactions taking place between the music, text, performers, audience, and space that all can contribute to a great performance. Overwhelming majority of the audience does not realize so much can be looked at during a single performance. At a performance by the University of Maryland Marching Band I was able to analyze the Musical Sound, Contexts of the Performance, and Interpretation of the Performance.
c. What hormone in the body is relieved by music? The stress hormone, cortisol. According to the journal The Effect of Music on the Human Stress Response was significant positive changes in cortisol were reported when listening to music before and / or during medical interventions considered stressful (decreases and lower increases in cortisol). Thoma, M. V., La Marca, R.,
The outcomes of the study were that the systolic blood pressure was greater for participants who listened to the obnoxious music than the participants who listened to calm music. Similarly, the systolic blood pressure of the participants who listened to obnoxious music before taking the mathematic test was higher than the participants that listen to calm music before the mathematic test. Also, for the participants who were told their grades would not be affected did not have an effect on their heart rates. However, the students that were told their test scores would determine the amount of extra credit they would get, their heart rate was notably higher for the participants who listened to the obnoxious music than the ones who listened to the calm
"The Effect of Music on Heart Rate | Journal of Emerging Investigators." Journal of Emerging Investigators. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2016. .
This video recording assignment was extremely interesting. I was nervous as could be. Looking back at the video recording, I can hear myself stuttering and over-thinking what to say. I also repeated myself more than I would have liked to, but I believe that came from nervousness and jitters I was feeling. Once I began the interview, I started to become calm because I was listening to the Amanda’s statements and reflecting or summarizing back to her what I heard she said. I was also nervous about how I would sound and look on the video recording. It is important to sound as if I emphasized with Amanda. I wondered if restating what the client just said would come off condescending or disrespectful. It is so important to me to never come off as if I am in a place of authority because I feel like this type of ambiance would have resulted in Amanda building a wall with me that I would not be able
Music can change mood, have stimulant or sedative effects, and after physiologic process such as heart rate and breathing.
The purpose of this experiment was to see how different genres of music affect blood pressure (BP). The hypothesis was that songs with higher beats per minute (BPM) would cause an increase in BP. The items that were used in this experiment were an automatic BP monitor, a mp3 player, five different types of music, and a set of headphones. The subject would stand for a minute, have the resting BP measured, then listen to the selected song for two minutes, and again have the BP measured. From all of the genres Meditation the music that lowered BP the most, while Rock raised it significantly.
results indicate that the hypothesis was supported but only for relaxation music and not arousal music, after listening to arousal music heart rate decreased by .4. it shows that participants who listened to relaxation music heart rate was lower before and after than compared to those who listened to arousal music. The average heart-beats per minute prior to the investigation was 77.4 for arousal music and after was recorded to be 77 beats per minute, while the relaxation music was 73.3 before and after was 73. Evidently, results for both trials were not significant enough to affect the results.
Music can help people with many different things. Including being very therapeutic, lifting the moods of people, and reducing pain a lot. Music does not have negative side effects. Therefore, making it a very safe and cost efficient treatment. Many different research projects have been conducted over the years. One such project was done in The United Kingdom and Finland on how emotions correlate with listening to sad music. It has been found that sad music brings about positive feelings. But for some sad music affects them negatively. Amazingly
How can different types of music affect people’s emotions? Music has many different ways to affect people. In some ways, it is good for the body both physically and mentally. In other ways, people think it is nice to listen to. More detailed, music has personalities, which can express what people feel. There are many observations involving different ways to express human emotions. Emotions are very interesting things, especially when they involve music. Music can have many personalities, affect people’s emotions, and be used as therapy.
Thesis: Music is a unique form of sound powerful enough to manipulate mood, feelings, and cognition.
Music is one of the greatest human creations (DeNora, 2000). It plays an integral role in human society worldwide irrelevant of race, gender, age, wealth or well-being (Kemper & Danhauer, 2005). Indeed according to Batt-Rawden (2010), playing different music in diverse situations can introduce listeners to the desired and relevant atmosphere. In most circumstances, music is played to entertain people, but it can also form part of an accompaniment in sad situations. Music is often the fulcrum that influences the listener by creating a unique ambience and atmosphere (Bernatzky, Presh, Anderson, & Panksepp, 2011). Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham, (2007) adds that music can be a medium to enhance communication,
Orchestra concerts are an example of music being presented in an emotional and artistic manner. Often people, mainly think of contemporary music when they hear about orchestra concerts. Music composed in the late 1970s to 1990s. But its music extends to much further than that. Scores have been performed from many composers in grand concerts that originate from many sources. These sources include movies, television shows, and even video games. The level of emotion that these concerts express varying from excitement, sadness, intensity, and many others. As a listener, you feel absorbed in the dramatic conducting of the composer and the unity of the orchestra as a whole. Even the setting of the concert can be cinematic as other displays show the grandeur of an orchestra. Our bodies were meant to take in the sounds of music more so than the images. What we derive happens automatically as we drown in the mixture of emotions orchestra has to offer.