Discuss The Pros And Cons Of Genetic Studies On Two Parents

   The Human Genome Project is the largest scientific endeavor undertaken since the Manhattan Project, and, as with the Manhattan Project, the completion of the Human Genome Project has brought to surface many moral and ethical issues concerning the use of the knowledge gained from the project. Although genetic tests for certain diseases have been available for 15 years (Ridley, 1999), the completion of the Human Genome Project will certainly lead to an exponential increase in the number of genetic tests available. Therefore, before genetic testing becomes a routine part of a visit to a doctor's office, the two main questions at the heart of the controversy surrounding genetic testing must be

| Given a situation related to reproductive genetics, genetic research, or the human genome project, develop a set of legal and ethical guidelines, which can be applied to genetic issues for the conduct of medical practice and/or research.

The medical advances being made feasible by genetic testing are very exciting. It is possible for people with predispositions for genetic defects to know in advance if they will have a healthy child or not. If they find out there is a problem they can choose to terminate the pregnancy or they can prepare in advance for their child's special needs. There is even new technology called Ex Utero genetic testing. This test is performed on eggs fertilized through in vitro fertilization before they are even put in the mother's uterus. Understanding genes in the developing human will help doctors understand the nature of genetic diseases and may lead to countless other medical breakthroughs. Though it is probably a long way off doctors may one day be able to manipulate genes. If this is possible some genetic problems may be cured.

Disability could delay a child’s social development if they feel left out, it may lower their self-esteem and their confidence in making friends therefore they won’t be getting the experience they need to develop their social skills and their emotional development because they won’t be learning to wait their turn and share. Also they may lack in a ‘can do’ attitude which could stop them from trying new things and trying again if they fail the first time.

The impacts will likely depend on the type of condition and severity, as well as the physical, emotional, and financial wherewithal of the family and the resources that are available. For parents, having a disabled child may increase stress, take a toll on mental and physical health, make it difficult to find appropriate and affordable child care, and affect decisions about work, education/training, having additional children, and relying on public support. It may be associated with guilt, blame, or reduced self-esteem. It may divert attention from other aspects of family functioning.

Poor health and disability will affect a child’s social and emotional development because they may not be able to do things that their friends can do and not feeling included. Disability can have a positive affect for other children who are friends with a disabled child because they learn empathy and to accept their disability, not just point and stare when they see a disabled person. It also helps the disabled child to feel included with their peers. It also helps the children to learn to care for each other.

This is to make them feel sense of belonging and accepted by the society regardless of their disability. The social model remove any barriers that takes away chances of a disable person to achieve and learn. They focuses on these issues in order to make sure every disable individuals feel confident therefore, this model requires child care practitioners to take proactive action to eliminate the barriers. On the other hand, the medical models of disability primarily focus on at a person’s impairments and the cause of disable individual being incapable to access excellent services or being unable to contribute to the

As you can see genetic testing is very important and can affect a child's and parents lives for the better and the worst. Children all over the world have serious genetic diseases that affect their life on a daily. Some of these diseases are Achondroplasia, Down syndrome, and Turner's syndrome. Many believe genetic testing is a good way to test for these genetic conditions before the child is even born, but others think that it can harm the baby very badly and even cause a miscarriage, so they choose not to do this kind of testing. Knowing about the most serious genetic diseases is very important for expecting parents to be informed as well as being

I believe that the parents of children with disabilities play a pivotal roll in the educational and social development of their children. When a child is diagnosed with a disability it leaves the parent with a lot of responsibility and difficult decisions to make. When parents start planning to have children, most of them do not expect to have a child with special needs. It is the parents’ responsibility to provide everything that they are capable of to give the child what they need to succeed regardless of what those needs may be.

In chapter four of her book Genetic Dilemmas, Dena Davis asserts that it is unethical for parents to subject their children to genetic testing for the markers of adult-onset genetic diseases because it places an unfair constraint on a child’s right to an open future. It both removes the child’s ability to choose whether to be tested as an adult and has the potential to negatively alter the overall trajectory of their lives. While the current consensus amongst medical professionals is that such testing should be prohibited (Davis, _____), many concerned parents correctly point out that discouraging such testing creates a conflict of interests between the “beneficence model of patient care and the rights of parents to their own autonomy”

A lot of controversial issues present themselves in psychology. Two topics that I will be discussing in this essay are the controversy over genetic testing and what things would be like without genetic testing. I will be describing what genetic testing is, and how it can affect an individual’s family life. I will be discussing the benefits of genetic counseling, as well as the positives without genetic counseling, and how this issue is debated in a psychological view.

However, it doesn’t mean that people are not going to have disabled babies even though they have gone through testing prior to birth. In many cases, advanced techniques fail to tell if the baby will have psychological problems which can only be discovered after birth. Moreover, this doesn’t mean that parents or future parents cannot have kids for fear of having a disabled child. For example, in the article called “Deaf Culture and Cochlear Implants” by Boinne Poitra’s Tucker says that culturists of deaf society advocate that is mandatory to have a genetic test to see if the child is going to be born deaf as they believe is the best for him. However, if a potential parent is deaf or there is genetic factor that put in the predicament of having a disable child, they can have the test done before conceiving to know how the child is going to be or to choose other ways of making a family. Another approach for parents about having a child with Down syndrome is to abort that fetus. For example, there are tests to detect if a child has Down syndrome early in the pregnancy. Now, it is my argument that why bring to this world a human being that will suffer in many areas including socially, cognitively, and biologically. Moreover, in the reading “The Infant Does Case” there was a case in which a woman has a Down syndrome baby with major

This article from Kids Together, Inc. gives a few lists. It also gives an excerpt from a section of literature from the National Down Syndrome Society. There are two lists. One list is the benefits of inclusion for kids with disabilities. A few examples from the list are more relationships, greater opportunity for interactions, and higher expectations. The other list includes benefits for children without disabilities. These benefits include meaningful friendships, respect for all people, and prepare them for an adult life with an inclusive society. The excerpt from the National Down Syndrome Society states things such as the students without disabilities can serve as role models for speech and behavior. Also during a study in 2000, children

The Goal of the Human Genome Project is to obtain genetic mapping information and to determine the complete sequence of all human DNA by the year of 2005. The project started in 1990 and 180 million dollars are being spent on it annually. This adds up to a total of over 2 billion dollars for the 15 year budget. Of this 2 billion dollars budgeted, 5% is spent annually on the ethical, legal and social issues. This report focused on some of these issues.

Other tests that are more accurate and treatments such as surgeries and intervention is not available to them or too expensive. Also, having a disabled child can burden the family socially and