Dark matter, the unsolved mystery has become a focal point in current research. Scientists have inferred that 5 percent of the universe is made of ordinary atomic matter (stars and galaxies), 72 percent is made of dark energy and 23 percent is made of dark matter [1]. Ordinary matter is easily detected as it emits or reflects light but dark matter is an invisible entity so how do we know it even exists?
Fritz Zwicky was one of the first astronomers to suspect the existence of dark matter through observations of the Coma Cluster, a galactic cluster. Zwicky determined the mass of the Coma Cluster using the velocities of galaxies and then determined the mass based on their light output. He found that the mass calculated based on the velocities was ten times greater than the mass based on the light output.[2] This suggests that there is some unseen, unaccounted for mass that provides enough gravitational force to keep the rapidly moving galaxies bound in the cluster [3]. This unseen mass was dubbed ‘dark matter.’
Nevertheless the scientific community were only convinced by the theory of dark matter after
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This has led to new theories such as modified Newtonian dynamics, a modified law of gravity, which tries to explain the gravitational discrepancies seen in the motions of galaxies [7]. However researchers have made measurements of the influence of gravity in our solar system which fits our current understanding of gravity. Consequently the modified gravity law would have to preserve the observed behaviour of gravity in our solar system as well as explain the gravitational discrepancies and no such solution have been found. So dark matter can be considered the most viable solution to this problem as evidence of its gravitational effects is enough to indicate its
we do know can’t but be a fraction of what is out there! There is just so much unknown
Basak, Tanushree, and Tanmoy Mondal. "Constraining Minimal U(1) B − L Model from Dark Matter Observations." (2013): n. pag. Cornell University Library. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.
No school in the country gets more research funding than Johns Hopkins, and as a result no other university would be able to provide me with as many incredible research opportunities. Although I am excited by the opportunity to learn new and fascinating information inside the classrooms of Johns Hopkins, my true passion lies in doing research during college. I have always been intrigued by mystifying concepts such as general relativity, dark matter, and black holes. The learning atmosphere at Johns Hopkins University will encourage me to pursue these mysterious subjects by working on research with the brilliant minds of professors and other
Every since I have read your book, Dark Matter, I have looked at reality in a whole different way. Every day when I make a sort of important decision I think what will happen if I take the other option which makes me quaver with fear. During the reading of this book, the plot was dispersing me causing me to try and regain the truth of the story. After finishing the book I was ravenous to hear what will happen next once the entered their new world and I felt like I was hanging of a precipice.
Astronomers have used Newton's laws of motion and gravity to explain the role of dark matter in the orbital speeds of stars and clouds of gas within galaxies, in addition, the same laws were used to explain dark matter in clusters. This would mean that if Newton's law was flawed in some way and gravity didn't work the way scientists believe it does, these laws could not be used to defend the existence of dark matter.
As we progress as a species, we use more resources than the world can proportionately replenish. Third world countries such as Pakistan, Uganda, and Haiti are experiencing an energy crisis that is crippling to their societies. We must expand our horizons in order to save the place in which we live: Earth. If we are able to harness energies that are extraterrestrial, we may be able to break through into an entirely new era of technology. We have expanded outward as far as we can; it is time to expand upward into the universe. Dark matter and dark energy both make up a combined ninety-five percent of our entire universe. These are hypothesized materials that have been seen but not proven on a physical scale; however, they are literally holding
There is only one problem about black holes, scientists don’t know if they exist. Scientists have a ton of evidence on why black holes do exist. They discovered that stars are orbiting concealed objects in the galaxy. By tracking the movement of the stars that could be sucked into the black hole they can determine whether they’re real or none existent. Astronomers and scientists may have many clues for black holes existing but nothing they have found has confirmed that black holes actually exist.
Although scientists still don’t know what exactly dark matter is, they can confirm that it is affecting the shape and structure of galaxies in the universe. Observations of luminous matter in the universe show that it clumps together to form galaxies. However, there isn’t enough luminous matter to gravitationally keep itself together. This is how scientists confirm dark matter exists, by seeing how it keeps regular matter together through gravity (Basulto). Currently, physicists know that galaxies form around dark matter halos. When dark matter was created at the beginning of the universe, it is thought to have clumped together pretty easily. Reddick suggests, “Galaxies form in the gravitational potential wells of dark matter halos, and our modern understanding
In summary, both dark matter and dark energy are important objects in the universe. Astronomers, and scientists continue to find more evidence about dark matter and energy. Nevertheless, there continues to be a gap to how the force, “dark energy” is as powerful as it seems to
The new revelation in the human genome that scientists have developed an understanding of the useless junk are actually noncoding DNA, also known as dark matter. The understanding of the dark matter focus on genetics, deoxyribonucleic acid; also known as DNA, especially non coding DNA in the human genome. During the Human Genome Project, the first establish genome sequence shows that there were a lack of use of DNA in our body. Only a certain amount of the human genome’s DNA encode protein sequences while the rest are non coding DNA. The non coding DNA serves a purpose in the body, but without proof they were announced as dark matter, thus signifying that the dark matter in the human genome are useful not useless. The new revelation of the
Even though dark matter is in existence we don’t have the instruments available to detect it yet. A theory suggests that dark matter is what actually makes up a large portion of our universe. Even though we can’t detect it, we know dark matter exists because it can interact gravitationally with visible matter and radiation. A professor from New York stated that dark matter plays a large role in causing geological catastrophes as well as mass extinction.
Many people have heard of dark matter, however most will admit that they do not have a clear understanding of its existence. To most, dark matter remains a mystery or just a science fiction term. Dark matter is a matter—simply meaning that it has mass. Many people find it hard to comprehend the term dark matter because it cannot be seen. It is not visible because it does not interact with light (meaning it does not give off light or absorb light). Therefore, if we cannot see it, how can we believe that it exist. Experiments and observations have been conducted to build evidence that dark matter exists. The information and explanations gathered present convincing evidence for dark matter. This evidence is found within the speed of galaxy
Therefore this formula states that the two galaxy clusters force of gravity between them should remain proportional when divided their combined masses and squaring the distance between the galaxy clusters from their centre point. When analysing the data results, this is shown to be inaccurate, the gravitational force not remaining inversely proportional, instead appearing as too little for the force that is being observably exuded. Therefore, scientists have decided upon alternate explanations for where the additional force is coming from, causing the galaxy clusters accelerated movement. (Newtons Law of Universal Gravity, 2001).
In the year 1796, French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace had the same thoughts in the first and second editions of his book Exposition du système du Monde. What he had called “dark stars” were ignored in the 19th century, because the idea that light was affected by gravity was unfathomable.
The theory of dark matter stems from the fact that there is not enough normal matter, as the gravity of normal matter isn’t strong enough to form galaxies and complex structures. The stars will more likely be disorganized and not form galaxies. Hence we know there is some exterior reason, something that does emit or reflect light, something dark. All we know is that there is something out there, there is a lot of it and it has something to do with gravity. The most popular idea is that within the cosmos there is a dominant source of gravity which is an unidentified type of mass which cannot be seen by the naked eye known as dark matter. Dark matter