Down Syndrome: Biological Or Theoretical Model?

When there is a heart defect currently in an infant with Down syndrome, the infant is referred to a “pediatric cardiologist” for medical attention or to a “pediatric cardiac surgeon for early surgical repair.” Some infants with Down Syndrome have difficulties with swallowing or they may have blockages in their bowels. Surgery can be performed to correct these problems. After they are corrected, they usually cause no further health issues. Children with Down syndrome may have “frequent colds and sinus and ear infections.” These are treated early and aggressively to prevent hearing loss and chronic infections. Low thyroid levels are more common in infants who have Down syndrome. It is recommended that “thyroid level testing” be performed at least yearly. Some infants with Down syndrome have eye problems such as cataracts (cloudy lenses) or crossed eyes (strabismus). Surgery can help with these problems. Sucking problems related to low muscle tone or heart problems may make breast feeding difficult to begin with. “Occupational therapists, speech therapists, breast feeding consultants and support groups usually have exact sources for the mothers of infants with Down syndrome.” Intelligence in individuals with Down syndrome ranges from low normal to very slow to learn. At birth it is not possible to tell the level of intelligence a baby with Down syndrome will have. All areas of development including “motor

Babies can be screened for Down syndrome as part of prenatal care; however, these screenings don’t tell you if the baby has Down syndrome, it can only tell you how likely the baby is to have it. This first test is called the first trimester combined test. This includes blood tests and an ultrasound on the baby. Based on these two tests and age a doctor can try to estimate the likelihood of a baby having Down syndrome. If results come back positive and people think their kids has a great chance of having this genetic disorder they can try to have a few more tests done. Once the baby is born they first see if the baby has an visual symptoms. Appearance is a big key to knowing if a baby has Down syndrome right away when it is born. However, at times babies can have appearances that resemble Down syndrome even if they don’t have it so a test is done called a chromosomal karyotype which analyzes the child’s chromosomes. Once diagnosed a child should start treatment as soon as possible if they want to see more positive effects of the treatments. Usually doctors can refer patients to special early intervention programs in the area. These programs specialize in helping the diagnosed kids with developing different skills like: social, language and motor skills. Most kids will end up having a team of experts on their side. This would be a

There are no standard medical problem or physical defect that is linked with all patients with Down Syndrome. The symptoms can differ from one child to another, which is why some child patients require a lot of medical help, whereas many others live healthily (Girod, 2001).

Symptoms of down syndrome are the following Flat facial features, Small head, Short neck, Protruding tongue, Upward slanting eyes, that is unusual for the child's ethnic group, Unusually shaped or small ears, Poor muscle tone. Broad, short hands with a single crease in the palm, Relatively short fingers and small hands and feet, Excessive flexibility. Tiny white spots on the colored part or the iris of the eye called Brushfield spots, Short height. Infants and children with down syndrome may be average size at birth , but typically they grow slower and remain shorter than other children the same age. In general, developmental milestones, such as sitting, crawling or walking may occur at about twice the age of child without impairment. People with down syndrome also suffer from cognitive delays. People affected by down syndrome varies greatly, it can happen to anyone, although more common in pregnant mothers 35 years or older. the cause of down syndrome is due to having an extra chromosome, therefore it is a disorder that happens 99% randomly and only 1% genetically. Unfortunately there is no cure, treatment or prevention for down syndrome as of today, but scientists are continuing to research for a cure. People with Down Syndrome live healthy, active lives and can function in an everyday environment.

9). According to Jackson, Cavenagh, and Clibbens (2014), links have been suggested between communication difficulties and self-esteem. Research by Foley et al. (2014b) found that young adults with Down syndrome experience increased rates of emotional and behavioral problems compared with the general population. Furthermore, the research by McCarthy (2008) found that children with Down syndrome at risk for severe behavior disorder in adult life may be identified in childhood and appropriate interventions offered to reduce their

To begin with, Down syndrome affects a child’s cognitive development. Down syndrome impairs a child’s cognitive development which include, “reduced working memory capacity” (Vicari, Carlesimo, Caltagirone, 1995),

Do you feel like your child is having trouble developing? Is your child having trouble learning to speak, read, or walk? If so, you may want to get a screening test and a diagnostic test to see if your child has down syndrome.

Down syndrome (known as Trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder caused when cell division results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21. This genetic disorder occurs in about 1 of 800 live births. Down syndrome was first characterized a separate form of mental disability by John Langdon Down in 1862. By the 20th century the disability had become the most recognizable form of mental disability. These individuals have gone through a lot. In ancient times, many infants with this disability were killed or abandoned. The people with Down syndrome used to be called Mongolian idiots and the syndrome was called mongolism. This comes from the people thinking that Down syndrome individuals resembled Mongolians. It doesn’t only affect the individual

Down syndrome is a very personal experience for me and my family. My mother currently cares for her younger brother who has Down syndrome. He is wheel chair bound, in and out of the hospital and primarily under the care of his siblings. I have witnessed the challenges that my family faces daily while attempting to understand a love one’s limited abilities, and difficulties functioning in a normal life capacity. This paper will focus on the symptoms of Down syndrome, the impact it has on an individual with the disorder, the family members, and caregivers. I have researched the topic with the hopes of explaining the concerns, treatment, and coping strategies

FACT: Just as any two people are different, any two people with Down syndrome are different, too. Certain physical characteristic are shared among people with Down syndrome, such as an upward crease of the eyes, short stature and poor muscle tone; however, not all people with Down syndrome share these physical traits.

The main risks are hearing problems, eye problems, heart diseases, Leukemia and other cancers, and finally mental retardation. The reason there are so many conditions that come with Down Syndrome there is a high chance of premature death. There are three types of Down Syndrome, Trisomy 21(nondisjunction), translocation, and mosaicism. Non Disjunction means there a mistake in the splitting of the cells of meiosis. In Translocation there are still 46 chromosomes but another 21 attaches to another chromosome, usually 14. The extra 21 is what causes Down Syndrome. Then you have Mosaicism is the least common form of Down Syndrome. Its form is caused by some containing usual 46 chromosomes and some containing 47. Those cells with 47 chromosomes contain an extra chromosome

The earliest depiction of a person with Down syndrome was dated in 1515 in a Flemish painting. Doctor John Langdon Down described Down syndrome as a disorder in 1866, however he misunderstood on how the syndrome first came about. The cause to Down syndrome was discovered recently in 1959 as being the common cause of cognitive impairments. All individuals who contain down syndrome show symptoms of mild to moderate learning disability, distinctive facial features, and hypotonic in early infancy. Down syndrome often associates with heart defects, leukaemia and early Alzheimer’s disease, the degree of being affected by these characteristics can differ from mild to serve. Down syndrome can occur between 1 in 1500 and 1 400 babies born in

Due to this genetic defect, the body suffers from physical and psychological symptoms. The extra gene is what is responsible for the features and personality people with Down syndrome receive. All of the people who have the disorder all have similar physical features. The common features of those who are affected include a small head, a short neck, small ears, immoderate flexibility, and short

Until the mid-twentieth century, Down Syndrome was considered a mysterious genetic condition that not many scientists or common people could understand or accurately describe. More specifically, members of the society realized that people with Down Syndrome were different — but they could not distinguish or diagnosticate the characteristics or the causes of the condition. Although that is true, scientists and doctors like Jérôme Lejeune, Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol, and Édouard Séguin had investigated and recognized certain indicative attributes of those with Down Syndrome. However, none of them composed a fully descriptive study that corresponded with the lives of a majority of Down Syndrome patients. In due time, (1866) British doctor John Langdon Down presented a comprehensive, widely acclaimed, and unrefuted portraiture of what Down Syndrome truly resembles.

Cause/ Type of mutation: The most common form of Down syndrome is identified as trisomy 21. It’s a condition in which individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. The cause of trisomy 21 is due to an error in cell division which is identified as nondisjunction in which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosomes 21 before or at conception.