Down Syndrome Research Paper

During the late 1800s both China and Japan were suffering from unequal treaties, poverty, civil unrest, and lack of modern technology. Both countries knew that reform was necessary in order to prevent further chaos, but the way each country approached reform varied. China’s attempts to reform were rather unsuccessful, while on the hand japans reforms succeeded in unifying the nation and undoing the unequal treaty system. The reforms that took place in both countries were very complex in nature and received both praise and condemnation from their respective peoples. The reforms goals were to both modernize the countries while at the same time keep traditional values.

Down Syndrome affects many people, even those who don’t have it. Down syndrome is also called Trisomy 21. The term Down syndrome did not become the accepted term until the early 1970’s (“History of NADS”). Down syndrome is the most common genetic condition, almost 400,000 Americans have Down syndrome (“What Is Down Syndrome?”). When the 21st chromosome has an extra copy, full or partial, down syndrome will occur. With the extra genetic material it messes with the development physically and mentally. It also creates certain features connected with Down Syndrome. Some of the well known features are low muscle tone, small stature, upward slant to the eyes, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm (“What Is Down Syndrome?”). These features and their extent can vary from person to person, some may not even have any at all. One in every 691 babies born in the United States has Down syndrome, about 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome each year in the United States (“What Is Down Syndrome?”). Just like the physical features the medical problems associated with Down syndrome vary from person to person, some may need a lot while others may need little to none. The health problem can be treated with the many resources available to help the people with Down syndrome and their families.

Many people have asked the question what did Jesus look like, was he tall, short, shaved or bearded. Did he look different from everyone else? No one truly knows what the savior looks like because there is nothing in the bible that gives a description of Jesus. But throughout the centuries people have created images of what the Son of God through the eyes of the people of their time in order to keep the faith and to educate and reflect how things were.

Babies with Down syndrome seem to be extremely quiet, less responsive, with weak muscles. Many physical signs of Down syndrome may be present including: flat face, small head, flat bridge of the nose, small mouth causing the tongue to stick out and to appear large, upward slanting eyes, extra folds of skin located at the inside corner of each eye, rounded cheeks, small ears, small wide hands, a malformed fifth finger, a wide space between the big and the second toes, and they appear to be shorter than normal

While chapter 4, How Children Develop: Nature through Nurture, I found many topics of interest including Genetic Disorders. In this section single-gene disorders, chromosome disorders and multifactorial inheritance disorders, were mentioned; however, one disorder that caught my attention that was not explained thorough Down syndrome, which occurs on a chromosome level. During fertilization 46 pairs of chromosomes, half from our mother and half from our father, containing all our inherited genes will join to form Us. Individuals with Down Syndrome have an extra chromosome, therefore developing different physical and developmental characteristics than those with no extra chromosomes.

At birth, an infant with Down syndrome displays hypotonia, low muscle tone. His or her head droops and appendages dangle when picked up. This is an indication of damage to the

A person that has Down syndrome may have some physical problems or disabilities. Some common physical problems are: short necks, poor muscle tone, a small head and an overall smaller body. Approximately one third of babies born with Down syndrome have heart defects, most of which are now

Down syndrome (DS) caused by trisomy 21 is the most common human aneuploidy and occurs approximately in 1 in 700 live births. Individuals diagnosed with DS display a wide range of clinical phenotypes including cognitive impairment, mental retardation, craniofacial abnormalities as well as increased risks for congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities including Hirshsprung’s disease, with the presence or absence and severity of these features varying amongst the individuals. Proper formation of the craniofacial skeleton is important for the normal development of the brain, sensory organs and functioning of the digestive and respiratory tracts and is derived from neural crest cells.

Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder where an abnormality in cell division results in a copy of chromosome 21. This is also known as trisomy 21. Although the cause of the extra chromosome is still unknown, maternal age is the only possible thing to have been linked to having a child with Down Syndrome. Physical abnormalities of Down Syndrome may include, decreased muscle tone, flattened facial profile, upward slanting eyes, and a short neck. Often, children with Down Syndrome develop slower than the development of a child without the disorder. Intellectual abnormalities of Down Syndrome include a shortened attention span, poor judgment, impulsive behavior, slow learning, and delayed language/speech development. Approximately 1 in every 700

Some of the more common symptoms are low muscle tone, small stature, an upward slant to the eyes, and flattened facial features. There are still many symptoms involved with Down syndrome, such as: small head, short neck, protruding tongue, unusually shaped or small ears, broad-short hands with a single crease in the palm, relatively short fingers, small hands and feet, excessive flexibility, tiny white spots on the colored part (iris) of the eye called Brushfield spots. Also, infants are born of average size, but are delayed in growth. They also achieve developmental milestones way later in life than the average child (Mayo Clinic Staff). Besides symptoms many people who have Down syndrome have many complications as well. There are complications that are not as well known, such as: heart defects, increased risk of leukemia, more risk of infectious diseases due to abnormalities in their immune system, dementia, sleep apnea due to the soft tissue and skeletal changes that lead to the obstruction of their airways, obesity, gastrointestinal blockage, thyroid problems, early menopause, seizures, ear infections, hearing loss, skin problems such as psoriasis, skeletal problems, and poor vision (Mayo Clinic

Sometimes, genetic mutations can occur during meiosis. This is a permanent change in the sequence of base pairs in the strand of DNA; in other words, it is a “glitch” in the system. If there is a genetic mutation, it can possibly lead to an extra chromosome, or even the vacancy of one chromosome in the DNA strand. This will result in an organism having a completely extra set of chromosomes. This is the case of Down syndrome, a genetically mutated condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.

Down syndrome is where every cell in the body has a nucleus, genetic material is then stored in genes. Some of those genes carry codes that are responsible for the inherited traits that are grouped up along rod-like structures that are called chromosomes. Down syndrome is the part that occurs when one individual has a partial or full copy of chromosome 21. The nucleus of each cells contain 23 different pairs of chromosomes, half of those which are inherited from each of the parent. Some common traits of Down syndrome are low muscle tones, upward slant in the eyes, and single deep crease across the center of the palm. Approximately 400,000 Americans have Down syndrome and almost 6,000 babies with Down syndrome are born in the United States

In addition, Down syndrome disorder influences individuals of any age, races, religious foundations and financial circumstances. It is a genetic disorder that is produced by an added duplicate of chromosome 21. Down syndrome has physical characteristics. For instance, Down syndrome people have poor muscle tone, short arms and legs, flat noses and even have round faces. However, the Down syndrome physical characteristics conditions can cause intellectual disability. Down's Syndrome (2016) concluded: “The diagnosis of Down's syndrome is usually made soon after the birth of the baby because of the baby's appearance.” Basically, there are numerous physical attributes related to the condition, which may lead a parent or birthing specialist, or other therapeutic experts, to presume that the child has Down syndrome disorder.

syndrome. This disease is named after John Langdon Down, who was the first physician to tell about the disease systematically. This disease sometimes referred to as 47 or trisomy 21, is a very serious life altering disease. Down syndrome is caused by an extra or partial chromosome 21,which is called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction happens when chromosomes are distributed incorrectly during egg and sperm formation. Most body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, 23 chromosomes from each parent, adding to 46 chromosomes. When you have an extra chromosome it adds to 47, causing down syndrome. When the egg meets the sperm to form a normal embryo, the embryo gets three copies of chromosome 21. After that the chromosome is copied to each cell as the baby develops. In some rare cases down syndrome is cased by Robertsonian Translocation. This is when the long arm of the chromosome 21 break off and attaches itself to another chromosome at the centromere. People which have such a translation will not have down syndrome, but can have children with down syndrome. There is only one chromosome affected by this horrendous disease. Down Syndrome controls several aspects of the human body. Chromosomes play an extremely important role in human life. Chromosomes are the blueprint of genes, which is human life. Having a disability

Instead of the normal number of 46 chromosomes in eachcell, the individual with Down syndrome has 47 chromosomes. This condition is called trisomy 21.