Down Syndrome Research Paper

Down syndrome is named after Dr. J.L. Down, who first discovered and studied the condition. It is part of a large number of disabilities known as intellectual disabilities. Down syndrome is present at birth and individuals are usually diagnosed during pregnancy or shortly after birth. There are three types of Down syndrome. The most common of these involves an extra number 21 chromosome, which gives the individual 47 instead of 46 total chromosomes. A chromosome breaking and then reattaching to another chromosome characterizes translocation, which is the second type of Down syndrome. The third type, nondisjunction occurs when a pair of chromosomes fail to separate properly during nuclear division. Individuals with this disability usually

Jane O'Brien: Chromosomes are tiny, threadlike structures inside most cells of every organism, or living thing. Chromosomes carry information about the organism in units called genes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.Down Syndrome is an autosomal genetic disorder.. Down Syndrome Is caused by having an extra copy of Chromosome 21, so instead of 2 copies, you have 3. This is an autosomal disorder and is not sex-linked. This usually occurs due to abnormal cell division when they egg and the sperm meet during fertilization.

Answer: The most common form of Down syndrome is known as Trisomy 21, a condition where individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. This is caused by an error in cell division called nondisjunction, which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosome 21 before or at conception. To the genes when the cell division occurs is when the extra chromosome goes to find a cell and attaches

Down syndrome is a birth defect caused by a genetic disorder that affects 350,000 people in the United States. It is caused by abnormalities in the genes and is not inherited, meaning that parents do not pass this onto their children. Genetics is the study of heredity or how certain traits are passed from parents to their children. Genes are the basic unit of heredity. Cells are the building blocks of your body and each one of us has more than 100 trillion cells. Our genes are located in chromosomes. Each cell in your body contains 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. In a person with Down syndrome, there are 47 chromosomes. In 1956, a French researcher named Jerome Lejeune used a new powerful microscope to view human strands of DNA. DNA is what

Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when a persons 46 chromosomes abnormally divides into 47 chromosomes, creating a full or partial 3rd copy of the chromosome 21.

Down syndrome is a disease in which chromosome 21 has extra genetic material delaying the way a child develops mentally and physically.

In every cell in the body there is a nucleus and this is the location where genetic material lives. These genes are responsible for carrying the inherited traits that we get from our parents, in the form of chromosomes. Normally each cell contains a nucleus with a pair of 23 chromosomes, half of which come from mom and the other half coming from dad. The genotype in the example given is that of a person with Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that results in learning disabilities and physical abnormalities. Most cases of Down syndrome are caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. An extra chromosome, making 3 of one kind, is called a trisomy and the most common is trisomy 21. This may be a chromosome given to the child from the father but a portion of mothers can also pass the chromosome to the child, mothers that get pregnant over 35 years of age have been shown to pass on the chromosome. Physical appearance will lead a doctor to suspect a patient with Down syndrome but a blood test is needed to determine if the patient has the extra chromosome. Down syndrome can affect many parts of the body, there are

Down syndrome a mistake in the cell division called non-disjunction. Two other minor types of chromosomal abnormalities, “mosaicism” and “translocation”, are also causes of Down syndrome. Mosaicism is the state of being composed of cells of two genetically different types. Translocation is the exchange

Down syndrome is a genetic defect attributed to an abnormality of the human chromosome 21. The National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS), a national advocate organization for the value, acceptance and inclusion of people with Down syndrome, notes that modern research has successfully identified three types of Down syndrome. The NDSS reports that Nondisjunction Trisomy 21, in which there are three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two, is the most common type of Down syndrome. Prior to or at the point of conception, a pair of 21st chromosomes in either the

Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects 1in every 700 kids. Down syndrome is when a child has and extra copy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome has many ways of telling if the child has down syndrome, like physical features. You can also tell if a child has down syndrome based on how they act. There are different ways of obtaining down syndrome. Kids with down syndrome are no different than kids that were born with the normal set of chromosomes, they just act a little different and need a little bit more help.

Down Syndrome is, as a rule, not an inherited condition. Down Syndrome may be because of Trisomy 21, which alludes to the state of having an additional duplicate of chromosome 21, which means three duplicates, rather than two, in every cell. In these cases, the "chromosomal variation from the norm happens as an irregular occasion amid the arrangement of regenerative cells" ("Down Syndrome",2016). This event is conceivable in either egg cells or sperm cells, yet it is well on the way to happen in egg cells, and it is the event of non-disjunction, a mix-up in the division of a cell, that causes a regenerative cell to contain an odd number of chromosomes ("Down Syndrome",2016). In like manner, Mosaic Down Syndrome is not an inherited condition.

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a chromosomal abnormality - change in the number of chromosomes, which lead to physical or mental abnormalities - caused by an error in cell division that is a result of having an extra 21st chromosome. 95% of the time the trisomy is mainly due to an abnormality of the egg of a mother, during fertilisation the 23 chromosomes from

Trisomy 21 is a result of chromosome non-disjunction in one of the meiotic cell divisions. The non-disjunction event can occur in either parent, but more likely to occur in females. Congenital birth defects are difficult to treat but with the prevalence of Down Syndrome, numerous research projects are being carried out by Down Syndrome Research and Treatment Foundation (DSRTF). Some of the studies are as follows:

In 1862, John Langdon Down, an English physician, first described those with Down’s Syndrome as “mongoloids” as he believed those with the condition appeared visually similar to people within the Blumenbach’s Mongolian race (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2014). However, in the 1970s, the term Down’s Syndrome replaced mongoloids as it was inaccurate (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2014). During the 20th Century, people with Down’s Syndrome were commonly seperated from society and sent to institutions (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2014). In addition, those with Down’s Syndrome were forcefully sterilized during the 20th Century in an attempt to rid them from the disease (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2014). In 1959, Jérôme Lejeune, a French Pediatrist, discovered that people with Down’s Syndrome have an extra 21st chromosome (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2014). This is where the term Trisomy 21 derrived from which is another name for Down’s Syndrome.

     Mosaic Trisomy 21 happens when an egg or sperm come in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then,