Education and its Impact on Social Change in Punjab
Dr.Maninder S. Sarkaria
Deputy State Project Director, RMSA, Punjab e-mail: mssarkaria@hotmail.com
Shiwani
Assistant Professor, S.G.A.D. College, Khadur Sahib, Tarn -Taran (Punjab) e-mail: shiwani.319@gmail.com
Abstract
Significance of education in the development process has been well recognized by the educational planners, economists and development planners the world over. Based on empirical evidences of connection between education and socio-economic development, this paper posits that education is instrumental in the socio-economic development. Specifically, this paper examines the impact of educational progress on fertility rate, population growth rate, child/infant mortality rate, life expectancy, gender disparity, povertyof the state. The analysis is based on information of the entire state on various variables such as literacy rate, enrolment, per capita income, fertility rate, population growth rate, incidence of poverty, etc. gathered from the secondary sources from 1966 onward. To sort out the strength and direction of relationships between education and various components of social developments, data have been analyzed by employing simple regression models.
The findings show that female education at all levels has been found to be highly significant in lowering infant mortality. Male and female life expectancy at birth and at specific ages have been found to be positively related with enrolment at different
In fact, there are still some countries struggling to offer education because they are still in development. Countries in Africa, such as Sudan, are primary victims. According to a research paper, “education is one of the main priorities for the people of South Sudan. As recent studies show, many communities in South Sudan view education as the most important peace dividend.” (Barnaba). After the analysis of school enrollment and completion rates in Sudan, results were rather low. Sudan, a third world country, currently is going through the state of being the most illiterate country in the world. It has placed education as its top priority and may will be finding ways to encourage families to send students.This ultimately has been caused through the poverty of the parents and thus requiring help in supporting the health of the family making education a second priority. Due to that reason, the country is still developing. A huge gap separates the developed countries from the developing countries solely based on the education systems. The paper states, “there is also concern raised on lack of attention to education quality and its failure to reach the marginalized as contributing to the learning crisis”(“Fix the Gaps in Our Education System [column]”). There is a weak management of schooling in many third world countries, which is a primary reason to why they have not developed yet. This is the reason for the gap and
We’ve come a long way, baby! Over the past 100 years of public education in the great state of Alabama, changes in education have been literally fought for by blood, sweat and tears. However, with the desegregation issues from 1964 closed for the past 50 years, state legislatures still find plenty of arguments concerning public education reforms. Most of these arguments, though, are essentially concerns about federal control over state. Thanks to several federal acts, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 the students of Alabama schools are all getting a better education. Just by these two acts,
Research has shown that investing in the education and financial power of girls and women generates multiple social benefits. Better educated women have higher incomes and raise healthier children. They are more likely to be able to plan the size of their families, and they choose to have fewer children. Women are more likely than men are to use their earnings to support the health and education of their
Room to Read market share according to its founders, is the crucial gap in services where over 250 million children worldwide are growing up without access to fundamental literacy skills. In my research, I was unable to gather any data available to scientifically measure the market share of these types of social entrepreneurial non-profit businesses. According to their annual report they have benefited over 10 million children in the countries that they are currently servicing (Our Story).
Moreover, because of high living standard has been improved very significantly, females become to live longer as same as males. Even though, because of increased well-treatment during the pregnancy, improved social and health conditions, obtained knowledge of using vaccines and antibiotics would help to increase the death rates in a first year of life.
The birth interval tends to be significantly longer for higher educated mothers compared to mothers with education primary or less, which indicates that maternal education is an important determinants
Education comes with social benefits as well which can improve the situation of the poor, such as lower fertility and improved health care of children ("Poverty and Education"). "Poor people are often unable to obtain access to an adequate education, and without an adequate education people are often constrained to a life of poverty." - Servaas Van Der Berg. The absolutely poor in developing countries have low education levels. Some may not even have access to primary education or may not have completed their primary education, not realizing that it is important to reduce poverty. Education is often poorly measured, and the impacts do not always show up as statistically significant in cross- country growth regressions (Levine & Renelt, 1992). Africa’s education crisis makes media headlines and analysis by the Brookings Center for Universal Education (CUE) explains why this needs to change. Progress towards universal primary education has come to a halt and learning levels of children who are in school are poor as well. Using a Learning Barometer, CUE estimates that 61 million African children will reach adolescence lacking even the most basic literacy and numeracy skills, this will deprive a whole generation of opportunities to develop and escape poverty ("Poverty, Education, & Opportunity").
Social, cultural and political changes have immense influences on the education sector. This has been witnessed from the onset African and Asian immigration into the United States from 1954 till present times. During the last quarter of the 20th century, immigrants to the US were denied education and those who received education did so under great threats. The dominant view of society about immigrants during this period was extremely negative and rejecting; thereby not deserving of an education. Currently, the education has been made affordable to everybody due to changing atmosphere of unprecedented social change. In education, this change resulted in the legal dismantling of segregated education for African American children (Collins, 2008). As African American children integrated the schools in the United States, they came to school with the stigma of slavery and the negative attitudes held by the agents of the educational institution. Attitudes and held perceptions were the catalyst for constructions such as biased assessment and the retardation paradigm. From these constructions emerged practices in special education that held large numbers of African American students captive in not only the educational milieu, but also limited their work potential. For this reason, the sociopolitical landscape as a context for curriculum, instruction, and assessment has continued to play a significant role in the education
In summarizing chapter fifteen, it examines how changes in education are linked with social reforms. Since education is the reflection and Image of today’s society, one main step in improving education is to recognize that the problems plaguing our schools are rooted in the way our society is organized. Today there is education reform taking place through state and national initiative with programs as ‘Race to the Top, No Child Left Behind, school readiness programs, the growth of charter schools, etc.
. According to John Dewey education plays a large role in the development of an individual and it is an element that separates humans from other animals. It is important to try to comprehend what Dewey means by this and in order to do so the following must be done. First, one must understand the role education plays in an individual and Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction and social function. Second, after comprehending Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction, and social function, one must be able to grasp the distinction between education as a social function and the simple notion of training and what sets these two apart. Third, after being able to comprehend the notions of education and the distinction between education as a social function and training, the idea of why education is distinctive of human life will be further developed.
When each child gets equal access to education, the result is always a working and productive portion of the country’s population. With the state having a large percentage of working people, there is a remarkable improvement realized in the economy due to the high revenues collected by the government. For instance, if the low performing would have hard better measures to ensure educational equity, each would have
Education plays an important role with each country, especially with the economic development, which is the same in Vietnam. After two wars of aggression, the Vietnamese economy was affected seriously so the Provisional Government of Vietnam identified that at this time, the development of education is the first priority. In a country, if the rate of educated person is high, it means the indicators of economic development will also go up. The high quality workforce who is better skilled and trained in an accurate education will be a motivation for future growth. According the statistic data of
Success, achievement and participation at school are not simply a matter of intelligence or ability. Discuss this statement with reference to the concepts of cultural capital, hidden curriculum, class and socioeconomic status.
Education reform is a topic that every student, parent and teacher should be interested in because it effects everyone in the community. Many different approaches to education reform have been tried, and even though they seem to work for the time being, there are always more improvements that need to be made. One of the best ideas that has been discussed in the most recent years is getting the parents and students more involved in the actual reform process. Many school administrators see a problem with involving students, even though they are the ones most affected by the changes within schools. Student’s opinions should be taken into consideration because they are the ones who see what happens inside the school and within the classroom, and are the most affected by it. Involving parents and students in the reform of their schools will improve the quality of education, improve parent and teacher relationships and reduce parent and student complaints.
Based on table 4.1 it is found that the level of illiteracy among household heads is higher in Kelantan and Perak as these two states contribute the largest share in national poverty compared to the two high-performers namely Kedah and Terengganu which is lower. The author also provide empirical evidences to support his stances “as expected, the positive relationship between the number of years spent in education and the potential for higher earnings is also clearly evident from our empirical investigation in App. Table , col.4” (30). The author consistently elaborates and substantiates ideas and arguments based on empirical evidences and data collected from the surveys to support his