Young Adults with Bipolar Disorders Anjana Muralidharan Emory University School of Medicine Abstract In this study researchers investigated and sample many young adult’s ages (18-40 yrs.) with bipolar disorders found them to associate with Behavioral Approach System (BAS). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) dysregulation including emotional reactivity to negative feedback and schemas and self-criticism/perfectionism. There were twenty- two young adults with bipolar I disorder and 22 matched did a survey and an interview giving back false feedback. Participants exhibited levels (p = 0.001) of self-criticism and tread towards greater decrease I positive affect after negative feedback (p = 0.053), even control by mood symptoms. …show more content…
This illness can be so severe some people can suffer for years before they are properly diagnosed and treat it is a long term illness that can be taken care of throughout your entire life. Researchers shows that family environment is a very contextual factor and that influences the course of bipolar illness. High levels of Expressed Emotions (EE) can worsen a person with bipolar disorder and the lack of amount of family environment that has been spent in a relationship with a family member, predicts poor clinical course for individuals with bipolar disorder. The (EE) interacts with the course of bipolar illness are unrecognizable it is possible that (EE) interacts with important psychobiological system that is thought to be dysregulated in individuals with bipolar disorder: the Behavioral Approach System (BAS). They are trying to discover the relationship between family members and the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity in the bipolar disorder. The (BAS) dysregulation model of bipolar disorder, is characterized by emotional reactivity to reward and a tendency to emphasize goal achievement and avoid failure this system is a positive affective response being generated and thus behavior is further positively reinforced. Many individuals with bipolar disorder tend to exhibit cognitive styles marked by higher levels of perfectionism and self-criticism than control between bipolar
In the United States alone, approximately five point seven million people have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, being considered “the sixth leading cause of disability among middle age group and the ninth leading cause of years lost to death or disability worldwide” (Sawan & Hamilton, 2015). Although equal in both males and females, studies have shown that males are prone to developing bipolar disease earlier in life. On the other hand, females are three times more likely to experience rapid cycling and have more depressive and mixed episodes when compared with males. Average age for onset of bipolar disorder is twenty five years, however, studies have shown that illness can develop at any age, including early childhood (Sawan & Hamilton, 2015). Increased risk factors for both men and women diagnosed with bipolar disorder may include ischemic heart disease, diabetes and COPD, together with influenza and pneumonia. In accordance with Swan & Hamilton (2015), bipolar disorder risk factors are probably caused by genetic factors, unhealthy behaviors and pathophysiologic changes occurring with bipolar patients; also medications used to treat this disorder (Sawan & Hamilton, 2015).
Bipolar disorder is typically a condition that affects people in their late teens and early adulthood. It is usually not thought to affect a child but it is something that, if present at a young age, can seriously affect the way a child grows up. Bipolar disorder affects every aspect of a person’s life and is not as understood as it should be. Researchers are still looking for the cause of this illness and how it can be treated but overall it is a condition that many people are undereducated on and that is something I’m hoping this paper might be able to change for some.
Bipolar disorder is a common, recurrent, and overwhelming mood disorder, which causes extreme shifts in activity levels, mood, energy and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. This type of disorder does not only affect one group of people; it holds no prejudice. Bipolar disorder can sometimes be linked with several other disorders, including panic disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance dependence. Many people assume that bipolar disorder only affects mood, which is incorrect. In fact, bipolar disorder also affects your energy level, judgment, memory, concentration, sleeping patterns, self-esteem and appetite. The first signs of this disorder usually appear in adolescence and early adulthood, with cases rarely occurring in childhood. No conclusions have been made to indicate a difference among those of different race or culture. There are many symptoms that a person is bipolar, but many are over-looked because they are seen as “normal”. This essay will discuss the primary causes of bipolar disorder, the genetic roots, study its symptoms and the different forms that it takes, look into its treatments, and examine possible cures.
One of the most common mental illnesses worldwide is bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable disease with a polygenetic mode of inheritance. It can also be known as manic depressive illness, an illness associated with mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. This illness can affect many people at fairly young ages, but is harder to diagnose the younger the patient is. The reason being is because outbursts in infants can be looked upon as temper tantrums or the infants are simply confused on whom they are. A true personality is not recognized until a person is around five years of age. Bipolar Disorder is very broad in the symptoms, causes, and treatment of the illness, and can be widely misinterpreted. Those
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, over 5 million individuals over the age of 18 are affected by bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is an illness that occurs with the brain and causes abnormal shifts in mood and energy. An individual with bipolar disorder will experience many ups and downs. These ups and downs are way different from the ups and downs an individual without the disorder will experience. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition and if not noticed, or treated properly, the ups and downs can become severe. Many individuals in United States, who have the bipolar disorder, don’t even know they have the disorder until later on in their lives. Bipolar disorder may be hard to detect because other individuals may
In today’s society there are many different psychological disorders that people face on a daily basis. Often times the individuals know they even have the disorder until someone else recognizes it. One particular disorder is the Bipolar disorder. It has many different classifications and definitions, symptoms, and treatments. It is very inportant to notice this disorder in its beginning stages so it can be controlled.
Bipolar disorder has become more prevalent in the United States, particularly Bipolar Disorder II, which accounts for 30-50% of patients with depression (Thomas & Hersen, 2002). Historically bipolar was known as manic depression (Thomas & Hersen, 2002). According to National Institute of Mental Health (n. d.) “Most scientists agree that there is no single cause, rather many factors that act together to produce the illness or increase the risk” (NIMH, n. d.) Some of those factors can be family, workplace, and environmental stressors along with some precipitants such as: history of past suicide, medical issues, interpersonal conflicts, disputes, job related failure (Thomas & Hersen, 2002). On the other hand, DSM IV categorizes bipolar according to severity, duration, and quality of presenting manic symptoms (Thomas & Hersen, 2002). Its believed that the onset of Bipolar diagnosis is mid 20’s (NIMH, n. d.).
The major sources of these outcomes arise from psychotic characteristics, episode density, neurocognitive deficits, depression, medication side effects, and low social support. Furthermore, Balanza-Martinez and Dias (2013) proved that neuro-cognitive deficits persist even after episode resolution. A meta-analysis by Bourne et al., (2013) revealed that BD had permanent impact on processing speed, attention, executive functions, verbal memory, and intelligence. BD and substance abuse have been linked in several prior studies with a follow up study commissioned by the Massachusetts General Hospital showing that the risk of cigarette use and substance abuse increased five years after a positive diagnosis. In the study, individuals whose bipolar symptoms persisted from adolescence to adulthood had the highest risk of developing substance abuse disorders. Due to the extreme changes in moods and personalities in patients suffering from the condition, most individuals resort to drugs and substances such as opiates and alcohol which seem to offer temporary relief to the symptoms. The self-medication theory suggests that people choose drugs and substances that relieve their symptoms. For example, individuals feeling uncontrollable rage may choose opiates due to their relaxing effects while those experiencing depression episodes would opt for cocaine for its energizing effects. However, this theory is criticized due to a lack of empirical scholarly research and the fact that individuals with BD use sedatives when depressed and stimulants when experiencing manic episodes which typically worsens the symptoms rather than offering relief. Due to this critique, other theories have been posited to explain the relationship between bipolar disorder and substance abuse. While the self-medication approach assumes that bipolar disorder precedes substance abuse,
Moods are all over and ubiquitous; everyone has them. Moods may be happy or sad; energized or sluggish; mad or composed; expressing various combinations of emotional states. Teenagers are well-known for their sudden mood swings, reckless behavior, and rapid changes in emotions, all of which are often typical features of adolescence and generally attributed to what most call as raging hormones. However, it is important to note that these signs and symptoms, when more prominent, disruptive, and longer-lasting, can be indications of bipolar disorder. This may come as a surprise to many, as bipolar disorder has often been thought of as a condition that affects adults. This neurobiological disorder severely affects approximately 5.5 million Americans age 18 or older, or 2.6% of the adult population. An estimated 51% of individuals with this condition are untreated in any given year. On the contrary, bipolar disorder also affects teenagers and its impact can be different, thus necessitating the need to learn more about the condition.
When freshman (?) at Frederick Area High School in Frederick, South Dakota, was asked to describe what bipolar disorder is, he said that it refers to people that “change personalities fast.” However, this is only a common misconception. Though the word “bipolar” is often used in conversations to describe a person that has mood swings, bipolar disorder actually refers to a serious mental illness. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance, about 2.6 percent of American adults suffer from a form of bipolar disorder, and about one in five people with bipolar disorder commits suicide. Despite the impact that bipolar disorder has on the lives of patients and families alike, it is treated casually by many people across the United States. Even though many treat it flippantly, bipolar disorder is a serious mental ailment, and the public needs to have a greater understanding of it.
Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive disorder, is a disease that affects thousands of people all over the United States of America. According to Sarris (2011) approximately 1-2% of adults will be affected by bipolar disorder in their lifetime. While some individuals may go undiagnosed, the prevalence percentage can raise to as much as 4% when including milder subclinical presentations (Sarris, 2011). Bipolar disorder can cause severe dysfunction in the lives of those afflicted with it. Family life, job status, and other social experiences can all be negatively impacted. This is especially true of people who do not obtain
Bipolar disorder (BD), previously known as manic depression, is a recurrent mental illness first described by Jules Farlet in 1854 as Folie Circulaire (circular insanity) (Ghouse, Sanches, Zunta-Soares, Swann & Soares, 2013). BD is known to affect ones mood, from feeling depressed to manic episodes, such as feeling very high and overactive. BD usually occurs in young adulthood (average age of 25 years) and is relatively equal in men and women, and causes serious problems throughout life,- with a lifetime prevalence of 0.2-1.2% (James & Chapman, 1975; Weissman & Myers, 1978). Affecting about 1.5% of the U.S population (Hyman, 2000) and between 0.5% and 3.5% of the world population (Kleinman et
Before I truly understood Bipolar disorder, it was still a fairly common word in my vocabulary. Anytime I thought someone was being moody or fluctuating between emotions, I joked by claiming that person to be bipolar. Several incidents of this involved one of my roommates who seemed to be happy one day, and quite the polar opposite the next. However, it was not until my clinical experience on the psychiatric unit that I realized what true bipolar disorder was, and that she did not fit the criteria. Even though I always thought my roommate was bipolar, I quickly found after being exposed to a diagnosed bipolar patient that my roommate was instead just moody. I decided to write this paper on bipolar disorder, not because I have struggle with it or know a friend or family member with this disease, but because I had several misconceptions about what it entailed.