To: Prof. H. Mannucci
From: Luke Lehman
Subject: Individual Research Report
Date: 28 July 2014
Effects of Soy and other foods on Serum Testosterone Levels: an Analysis
Purpose
The purpose of this report is to provide an introduction to androgens and their biological effects in humans, and an analysis of the current peer-reviewed scientific literature concerning the effects of soy and other foods on serum testosterone levels, with the specific intent to ascertain whether the long-standing myth that soy products lower testosterone levels in men is in any way valid, and if so, to what extent. Furthermore, if there is a scientifically and clinically shown relationship between ingestion of soy products and augmentation in serum
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Maintaining a healthy level of this hormone is vital for many aspects of men’s health, especially as life expectancies continue to rise (there is a documented phenomenon colloquially referred to as “manopause”, in which levels of testosterone drastically decrease around age 35-40, increasing the likelihood of developing one of the myriad of negative health effects associated with decreased levels of androgens). As such, there has been a great deal of discussion, both academic and otherwise, concerning the effects of many different environmental factors on levels of testosterone in men. One “hot topic” of particularly intense debate in the fitness community is the effect of soy products on serum testosterone levels (the level of testosterone in the bloodstream, which can be easily tested—as opposed to tissue-bound testosterone). Many claim that ingestion of any product containing soy will decrease the level of measurable testosterone in the bloodstream, and there have been some blinded scientific studies (1, 2) that seem to show this effect. Perhaps adding to the widespread fear of these products are a number of anecdotes circulating around the internet telling of men who have developed feminine secondary sex characteristics such as raised voice, lessened facial
"Among the routes of human exposure to estrogens, we are mostly concerned about cow 's milk,” says Davaasambuu, “which contains considerable amounts of female sex hormones." Dairy accounts for 60 percent to 80 percent of estrogens consumed according to Davaasambuu.
1. Based on the information provided about the regulation of testosterone secretion, propose a testable hypothesis to explain how trenbolone acetate caused Frank’s testicles to shrink.
In 2011 5.3 million prescriptions for male enhancement pills were written in the united states. In the United States prescriptions tripled between 2000 and 2011 with sales as high as 1.6 billion dollars. Men who used testosterone therapy had a 30 percent increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, or dying. The Food Dug Administration or for short the FDA is responsible for making sure products are safe to be on the market. If not there taken off the market. An increasing trend of over the counter products represented as male enhancers may be laced with prescription drugs, controlled substances and untested and unstudied ingredients. With how vast the drug market is the FDA connote test all of the
Abbott is facing a multitude of lawsuits relating to these events. Use of testosterone gels can also cause swelling from the buildup of bodily fluids (edema), which can cause congestive heart failure and erythrocytosis, which is a dangerous level of red blood cells. Other common side effects reported are reduced sperm count, increased or decreased libido, mood changes, hot flashes, dry skin or acne, insomnia, muscle weakness and/or muscle pain, and anxiety and depression. More serious side effects can comprise of enlarged breasts in men, breast pain, frequent or prolonged erections and yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice). Allergic reactions also occur with testosterone gels, symptoms of an allergic reaction are hives, shortening of breath, difficulty breathing, swelling, tightening of the throat and airways and anaphylactic
Androstenedione is a hormone used to make medicine. The body makes Androstenedione naturally by the adrenal glands, ovaries, and testicles; but it comes in a pill and as a spray form as well. (“Androstendedione”). The effects of having too much Androstendedione result in its conversion in the body to estrogen and testosterone (“Androstenedione: Uses..”). It is used to increase the production of the hormone testosterone to enhance athletic performance, increase energy, keep red blood cells healthy, and enhance recovery and growth from exercise. This causes athletes to take Androstenedion through pills to staggeringly improve their athletic ability against their opponents. Androstenedione is known to increase the chance of prostate cancer, baldness, and liver disease. Since Androstenedione bumps up the levels of testosterone in the body, it can lead to enlarged breasts, even on males. The steroid can also lead to aggression and depression. (“Androstenedion”). But since Androstenedione is used for medical use, it is not illegal to use for the public; but sports have banned it from being used by
In women: growth of facial hair or excess body hair, changes in or stop in the menstrual cycle, deepened voice” (pg.3). This helps readers see that the effects are both evident in men and women; as well as, by reading some of these effects the reader can only imagine how painful and miserable it would be to live the rest of your life fighting those physical and mental changes. If you really want to live your life to the fullest then do not try Anabolic steroids, because you are heightening your chance of long-term illness and pain by taking this drug. This is why I am against the use of Anabolic-androgenic
It is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, ovaries and testes. It's a hormone that's usually transformed to testosterone and estradiol in both men and women. Androstendione is available legally only if prescribed, and is a controlled material. Manufacturers and bodybuilding magazines advertise its ability to permit athletes to train harder and recover more quickly. Though, its use as a performance-enhancing drug is illegal in the United States. Scientific studies that disprove these claims show that additional androstenedione don’t raise testosterone and that your muscles don't get stronger with use. Actually, nearly all of the androstendione is quickly transformed to estrogen, the main hormone in females. Side effects of androstendione in men contain, acne, diminished sperm production, shrinking of the testicles, and expansion of the breasts. In women, side effects contain acne, masculinization, for instance, deepening of the voice and male-pattern baldness. In both men and women, androstendione can decline HDL cholesterol, which puts you at bigger risk of heart attack and stroke. In conclusion, if you use androstenedione incorrectly you will have serious health
The objective of this paper was to find a correlation between elevated levels of testosterone and prostate cancer. The rationale behind evaluating high levels of testosterone and prostate cancer is testosterone is necessary for the development of the prostate. Elevated levels are needed for adolescent males can form their reproductive system, in which the prostate is included. In addition, testosterone is important in the formation of the adrenal gland because testosterone, being an androgen itself, is made it the adrenal gland after puberty. Therefore, some scientists and researchers believe that there is a direct correlation between higher levels of testosterone and prostate cancer. Although the intention of this paper is to focus on increased
There are many factors to boosting testosterone, and most of it all comes down to the two main issues of "we are what we eat" and "use it or we lose it". This means that like any great chef must have the right ingredients in order to prepare the greatest meal, our body needs the right ingredients or foods in order for it to create, make or produce testosterone. The key ingredient is cholesterol and there are many stages to its production where the testes break down the cholesterol into other types of hormones and compounds first before finally arriving at the finished product - testosterone. However, within this metabolic process of breaking down the cholesterol, the body also needs other microscopic quantities of essential minerals and compounds
Testosterone in this study was moderately correlated with SHBG but weakly correlated with estradilol. This is when Black et. al used the ratio of estradilol: testosterone because they found an attenuation between the ratio and the risk of acquiring prostate cancer. The overall conclusion that was acquired from the data that was found what that in men 70 years of age or greater a higher ratio of estradilol: testosterone was strongly associated with a reduced risk, and the control of the ratio would reduced the risk of acquiring prostate cancer. The risk of having prostate cancer was observed as higher with a ratio of 2:16α-hydroxyestrone. Even though it was found that there is low risk of getting prostate cancer, they did consider the balance is important in how aggressive the prostate cancer is, or may become. [4]
Numerous health benefits have been linked to phyto-oestrogens including preventative and therapeutic effects against carcinogenesis, osteoporosis and atherosclerosis as well as other benefits (Patisaul and Jefferson, 2011). However many have also been found to cause detrimental effects such as disturbance of lactation, the timing of puberty, compromised fertility as well as paradoxically increasing the risks of what they are meant to prevent/treat etc. as mentioned by Patisaul and Jefferson (2011).
Flutamide and Cyproterone acetate and Spironolactone(a synthetic steroidal derivative of aldosterone) have anti androgenic activity is mostly related to the inhibition of androgen receptors, in particular the ones that bind DHT while estrogens block androgen receptors by inhibit 5-alpha reductase activity and increase hepatic production of sex hormone binding protein lead to reducing blood levels of free testosterone by reducing the fraction available for biological
Lots of studies prove that soy protein (or isoflavones) is conflicting or unproductive, but only a few show that it might prevent cancer. Even some affirm that it can contribute to or
Lead researcher Soghra Bahmanpour PhD found that the high levels of estradiol and flavonoid components increase sperm count and motility. In addition, dates promote an increase in male testes size and weight.
They are used in infant formulas, flour, protein isolates, cheeses, drinks, tofu and salami. Infant formulas made from soy proteins serve as an excellent alternative in cases where milk allergies prevent the use of other types of formula. These proteins are deficient in methionine, one of the essential amino acids required by man, and the content of lysine is lower than that of casein, a protein found in milk. In addition to nutritional value, studies have shown that soy protein may play a positive role in several human health concerns such as lowering cholesterol, they have anticarcinogenic effects, and they may help control conditions such as diabetes, digestive tract irritation, and bone and kidney disease (Mendel and Brandon 2001).