Endochondrial Ossification: Development Of New Bone

| - osteoblasts begin to replace the fibrocartilage splint with spongy and compact bone, forming a bulge that is initially wider than the original bony shaft

One of the key elements of regulating skeletal growth is the Osteoclasts. The Osteoclasts are responsible for initiating the bone remodeling cycle. Blood vessels and nerves are able to penetrate the bone once the chondrocytes die

Osteoblast- cells which build bone by removing calcium and phosphates form the blood in the presence of the enzymes alkaline phosphates secrete by

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by structural deterioration of bone tissue and reduced bone mineral density(BMD). Consequences include increased pain, increased risk of fracture, loss of mobility, and death (Osteoporosis Canada 2014).

DOI: 5/5/2015. Patient is a 53-year-old male engineer who sustained injury while lifting a 10 inches long steel bracket when he felt a pull in his lower back.

Each long bone has at least two growth plates. There is one at each end. The growth plate

This is called a flare-up. These nodules often develop after a child experiences some sort of trauma to the body, such as a bump or fall. In most cases, the nodules transform into bone during a painful process known as heterotopic ossification (HEO). A flare-up is the first clinical indication of the tissue metamorphosis, which involves the catabolism of soft connective tissues (including aponeuroses, fascia, ligaments, tendons and skeletal muscles) and their replacement by extraskeletal bone through heterotopic ossification. When the body starts to generate this new bone, the patient usually experiences tissue swelling, joint stiffness and serious discomfort. These flare-ups can last as long as six to eight weeks and usually a small fever accompanies them. Heterotopic ossification is typically seen first in the dorsal, axial, cranial and proximal regions of the body, and later in the ventral, appendicular, caudal and distal regions. These lesions slowly replace the body's muscles with normal-looking

Osteoporosis is when bones become weak or brittle, and have reduced mass. The bones in the human body are constantly renewing themselves, meaning, the old bone is replaced by new bone and then broken down. At a young age, the body makes new bone at a faster rate than it tears down old bone resulting in an increase of bone mass. However, at a older age, the body stops producing new bone and has to rely on the bone mass that was built up at a younger age.

Osteoporosis is the gradual process in which tissue is lost from bones, resulting in brittle and fragile bones. Bones become less dense and become more prone to fracture. This may be due to a variety of factors and usually occurs during old age.

Osteoporosis is referred to as the decrease in bone density and mass over time. The interior bones become progressively weaker and can cause a stooped posture. This makes the individual more susceptible to bone fractures. Osteopenia regards a condition where the bone material density is considered lower than normal. This is usually a precursor to the musculoskeletal disorder, known as osteoporosis. The term ‘osteoporosis’ means ‘porous bones’. In this case, bone is a living tissue that is continuously being broken down and replaced. Thus, osteoporosis happens when the creation of bone does not keep up with the removal of the old bone. In this disorder, the bones are diminished and deteriorated in structure. This condition is typically prevalent in older women due to an estrogen deficiency with menopause. The lack of estrogen increases bone resorption and decreases bone deposition. In addition, osteoporosis can occur with atrophy, which is caused by disuse. Additionally, osteoporosis can occur in men due to the aging process as well as patients who have received corticosteroids, which are hormones used to treat inflammatory conditions.

The pathophysiology of how strong bone becomes osteoporotic is an interesting process. The body is continuously trying to maintain a sense of homeostasis and keep every cell and organ within the body at a constant state of happiness. During the homeostatic process, cells of bone are continuously undergoing processes of formation and resorption. This all-inclusive progression of building up bone occurs throughout life and is the key in modifying bones during trauma or just natural growth (Van der Kamp, 2012). Bone cells that assist with formation of bone are called osteoclasts, and bone cells that assist with the resorption of bone are called osteoclasts.

Definition. Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by low bone mass along with continuous loss of bone tissue with increased fracture risk. The pathology is multi-factorial and there are several modifiable and non-modifiabale factors that contribute to the development of this disease. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease illustrated by a decrease in bone mass and bone tissue, causing a decrease in bone and a subsequent increase in fracture risk (1).

Fibrodysplasia Ossification Progressiva is a rare connective tissue disorder that is characterized by development of bone in parts of the body it should not be present. It localized in most of the skeletal, muscular system affecting the joints of the body thus making their ROM difficult. FOP mesomorphs the soft connective tissue into bone and progressively degrades ROM and eventually locks the joints, making movement not an option, it starts with the neck, shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, wrists, and ankles, and most likely in that order. Some extreme cases the rib cage becomes a cocoon-like shell linking the ribs together.

Bone is a living organism that is continuously regenerating its self through two stages (formation and resorption). In the resorption stage old bone is broken down then removed by cells. Then in the formation stage, new bone is built to replace the old by cells called osteoclasts. When the human body is younger more bone is produced than removed and as the body grows in age it’s the opposite also known as primary osteoporosis since it isn’t caused by other condition or long time medication.

The Osteoblast is one of the four bone cells found inside the human body. They create bones. An Osteoblast creates the new layer of bone. The another type is called an Osteocyte. An Osteocyte can be formed from an Osteoblast while new bone is in process of creation. They get surrounded after formation. They don’t get completely barricaded because of they send out very long windy branches which connect to other Osteocytes. They can sense cracks and pressures to help direct or send Osteoclasts to dissolve the bone. Osteoclasts are large cells that dissolve the bone. They are formed when two bone cells fuse together. They come from the bone marrow. They usually have more than one nucleus when they form together. They are found on the surface