Energy Sanctions Case Study

There are many countries that the United States frequently traded with who are now under a set of economic sanctions today. The sanctions were designed to restrict a country to the resources of their country and their allies until they comply with specific request. The US-Cuban sanctions were suppose was supposed to be in place until democracy and human rights were restored in Cuba. One effect of the sanction resulted in Cuban citizens only being able to purchase vehicles made before 1958. Although this is a minor effect of sanction, can you imagine if you were only able to possess a microwave that was made before 1958?

Thus, “sanction programs with relatively limited objectives are generally more likely to succeed than those with major political ambitions” (SE, p.9). Meaning, these sanctions should operate in conjunction with other U.S. policies, rather than serve as the sole foundation in combating Russian attacks—both cyber and conventional—against the U.S. and its allies. Economic sanctions alone do not function as a forceful deterrent and therefore the U.S. must maintain strong alliances in NATO to repel Russian hostilities in Eastern Europe. Sec. 252 of HR 3364 states that, “a strong North Atlantic Treaty Organization is critical to maintaining peace and security in Europe and Eurasia” (p.8). The creation of NATO and the U.S.’s continued loyalty to other NATO members is an integral part of U.S. foreign policy dating back to the origins of the Cold War.

But first, what is the definition and scope of the economic sanctions that US is threatening to put on Russia? From NewRepublic.com (2014), these sanctions would:

The sanctions center around the country’s ballistic missile program has also claimed human rights abuses and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps(IRGC). The new law says the IRGC plays a large role in Iran’s international destabilization program, including terrorism and the ballistic missile program. The sanctions include the blocking property, exclusion from entering the US and pausing current transactions. However the Iranian government has accused the United States of Using the Sanctions to undermine the current nuclear deal. “President Trump has long criticized the agreement and vowed to pull the country out of it during his election campaign.”(CNN). Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Bahram Qasemi warned that “hostile” measures taken by the US would impact international relations and affairs.

Russia’s economy is very complex and also very terrible at the same time. Many other economy’s are also like this but Russia’s is a very interesting thing to learn about. Russia’s economy has many things wrong with it that in the long run could probably affected it in a negative way. But it also has many positive things about it.The negatives and the positives are, in my opinion, are equal in Russia economy.

Also, another way of combating state sponsored terrorism is using sanctions like restricting government assistance, a ban defense exports and sales I believe they are talking about ITAR, International Traffic in Arms Regulations. Miscellaneous financial restrictions are another sanction that I mentioned earlier. Also, the people or countries that trade with countries that sponsor

As economic hegemony and political and military superpower following WWII, the United States attempted to impose its will on many countries through the use of economic sanctions. There are many motivation prompting the use of sanction. First, it can be a proportional response to a challenge where the interests at stake are judged to be less than vital. Second, sanctions are a form of expression, to communicate official displeasure with a certain behavior or action . American reluctance to use military force is another motivation, especially in those instances where U.S. interests are not deemed sufficiently important to justify casualties and high financial costs. Third, the growth of congressional power helps explain the prevalence of economic

At the end of the Cold War, Russia was faced with many problems, a decaying military, a failing economy and a population who was learning how to change from a communist country to a democratic country. The Cold War Period had greatly affected Russia and one of the first things to be noticed by the people were when prices on goods were no longer fixed. The idea of a free market system was new and not everyone was ready to except this new Russia. The country essentially had to rebuild itself. Former satellite countries were declaring independence as quick as they could. As people throughout the world watched, they were unsure if Russia would ever be able to shake their socialist/communist history. Currently Russia is one of the leading

Following the November 1979’s Iran Hostage crisis the consecutive five administrations of the United States (from President Chatter to Obama) imposed sanctions on Iran, all in response to Iranian actions. Even though, at the beginning there was not serious opposition to the sanctions measures taken by the U.S, some U.S citizens and scholars were asking the morality of imposing sanctions on Iranian to pursue the U.S policy which have towards Iran because of its negative effect on the people.

However, the sanctions placed on Iran were placed there for a reason and that reason was because of “Iran’s continued illicit nuclear activities” (U.S. State Department) These economic sanctions were placed to hinder the attempt of Iran to build a nuclear bomb and now we are throwing away those sanctions that were in place to protect us.

Trade embargos have tremendous consequences for countries that are being embargoed. The embargos not only affect the country that are being embargoed, but the effect bleed over the borders to the surrounding countries. The list of countries that have been sanctioned by the United Nations included Russia, North Cyprus, and Cuba. United Nations sanctions that target countries affect the economy, the morale, and encourages criminal activities to obtain goods.

The present midterm exam has as purpose to evaluate, comparing and contrasting how the Energy Policy Act (2005) got passed and signed, using as a guidance Kingdon (1995) and Smiths & Larimer’s (2013) concepts about agenda setting and decision making in public policy.

Economic sanctions are implemented by one or more nations upon another nation in order to alter the nation's interests towards their own preferences. Economic sanctions have proven themselves to be successful countless times, and have incited successful negotiations that would have otherwise not existed. Sanctions do not aim to directly affect the citizens of a nation, but rather, as editor, Robert McMahon said in UN Sanctions: A Mixed Record, “sectors of a nation, such as arms, cash-earning commodities such as diamonds, or financial assets and travel”. Although an estimated 35% of sanctions have been successful, they have been very effective as a foreign policy tool and have somewhat prevented nations from violating human rights as well as acts of terrorism. Although economic sanctions have an estimated 35% success rate, they are still extremely useful and lead to negotiations between parties with different interests. This is because, sanctions are able to instill fear in other nations which in turn prevents the occurrence of any malicious

     Sanctions intended to change the behavior or government of a target country are very difficult to design. They have to be imposed as quickly and easily as possible.(Library of Economics) By moving too slowly, it gives the target country time to adjust by finding alternative markets, finding new allies, and by gaining domestic support of its own policies.

In the year 2015, trade between the two countries is all but nonexistent. The United States has placed a multitude of sanctions on Iran because of a variety of reasons. For the past thirty-five years, the White House has issued executive orders that have continued to split the two governments.