Erikson's Theory Of Human Development

A theory proposed by Erik Erikson (1950, 1963) promotes the eight development stages of adolescents through adulthood by comparing the transitory periods. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for identity and personality development. The first stage is trust vs. mistrust, this stage starts at birth and end at the age of one year. This stage also explains the safety that the infant is getting from the caregiver. For example, if the infant receives constant care, they will develop a sense of trust which will be carried out with them to other and future relationships. The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt; this stage occurs at the age of two to three years old. In this stage, the child is mainly discovering their skills and abilities. The third stage is Initiative vs. Guilt; this stage occurs around age three to age

Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development was the first theory that demonstrated the development from “womb-to-tomb.” His theory posited three tenets, the first that each era in life had a developmental crisis, and that at each period there was the opportunity for growth and development. Each developmental stage poses a developmental crisis that is central to that age, and as stated in Erikson’s second tenet, if there is an interruption in the development of one of the stages, the stages following will be effected. Though each developmental stage has one fundamental stage that is being worked on, Erikson’s third tenet states that the challenges of all of the other stages are still present; although there is one crisis that is

Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory is also part of the psychodynamic perspective. According to Erikson (Berk, 2007) society and culture have an influence on human development. In contrast to Freud whose theory that proposed development was complete by adolescence (Berk, 2007), Erikson’s theory argues that development is continuous throughout the lifespan and occurs in eight stages. The first stage of development, trust versus mistrust, occurs during infancy (birth to 1-year-old). During this stage if an infant’s basic needs are met by a responsive and attentive caregiver, the infant will begin to trust the caregiver, thus establishing the foundation for future trust relationships. In contrast if an infant does not receive enough or irregular care, or if caregivers are unresponsive, the infant can develop mistrust. The autonomy versus shame and doubt is the next stage, which occurs between the first and third years

No matter who you are I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life that will get them to where they are on today. I am a person who has a very interesting story; this is the first time it will be told in full. We were asked to use Erik Erikson’s theory of development as a guideline to telling the story of our lives. At first I was very nervous; however, I soon realized that this would be a fun task. Erik Erikson has eight stages of Development (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman). I will be walking you though my life using each one of his stages drawing out the map of my life. Within my life I have had some very interesting encounters. I have been through foster care, abuse, rape, molestation, starvation, adoption, depression, and

Erikson’s theory includes eight stages of human development: stage 1- basic trust vs. mistrust, stage 2- autonomy vs. shame/doubt, stage 3- initiative vs. guilt, stage 4- industry vs. inferiority, stage 5- identity vs. identity diffusion, stage 6- intimacy vs isolation, stage 7- generativity vs. self-absorption and stage 8- integrity vs. despair. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a challenge that must be resolved. From this theory it is believed that developmental changes are throughout one’s lifespan. According to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality, identity and retrieval of basic virtues. The basic virtues of Erikson’s theory include hope, will, purpose, competency, fidelity, love, care, and wisdom. Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. D.B. would fall into stage 1, basic trust vs mistrust, which takes place between birth to one year. There’s much emphasis on the caregiver’s nurturing ability and care for the infant. Babies who are not securely attached to their mothers don’t cooperate much during parent-child interaction and tend to be more aggressive towards the parent. As they

Since the development of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial model of development in the 1960s, it has become one of the most widely used measurements for studying emotional and personality development across the human lifespan (Dunkel & Harbke, 2017). Erikson’s model contains eight developmental stages, beginning in infancy and progressing until old age, and as a person ages they begin to pass through the stages, with a new psychological crisis arising at each stage (Svetina, 2014). Whitbourne, Sneed and Sayer (2009) describe how the outcome of each crisis is met with identity attainment and new personal adaptations (positive outcome), or with an incoherent identity (negative outcome). Additionally, each new stage allows for the reassessment of previous achievements, and in some cases, failures (Dunkel & Harbke, 2017). Erikson’s model is commonly recognised as a developmental ladder – each previous stage lays a foundation before an individual can progress toward the next stage (Malone, Liu, Valliant, Rentz & Waldinger, 2016). It is important to note that whilst they are referred to as “stages”, they should be viewed as being on a continuum rather than fixed categories (Dunkel & Harbke, 2017).

In 1968, psychoanalyst Erik Erikson proposed his theory of psychosocial developments and its conflicts that are associated with each stages of life. The first life stage is infacy that begins from birth to 18 months. Trust and mistrust is associated with the life stage. The positive resolution is to provide consistent and warm care so that the child can rely and trust the caregiver. Negligence will lead to fear, anxiety and mistrust. Stage two is toddlerhood which last from 18 months to 3 years of age. Autonomy and or doubt is associated with toddlerhood. Encouraging the child to be independent and self-sufficient

Erik Erikson was one of the many brilliant pioneers in child development and psychology. Erikson was greatly influenced by Freud theory in psychology. However Erikson focused on the culture and social dynamics. Through his stages, Woolfolk (2007) suggests that “Erikson offered a framework for understanding the needs of young people in relation to the society in which they grow, learn and later make their contributions” (p. 67). When it came to development of children Erikson developed 5 of his stages up to 18 years of age. Erikson assumed

Personally I like Erik Erikson’s socioemotional development. In each stage there is a psychosocial crisis that involves the resolution of a basic issues, which is necessary for full and mature development. I believe matured development comes after growing pains. What I mean by this, is that in order to grow we have to face a “crisis” or emotionally challenging situation and learn from the choices we make. Erikson’s socioemotional development is the one out of four “Grand Theories” that addresses crisis and resolution.

According to Justin T. Sokol, author of Identity Development Throughout the Lifetime: An Examination of Eriksonian Theory “Erikson’s psychosocial theory is composed of eight developmental stages which span throughout the course of life. Each stage presents the individual with an inherent task of conflict that they must successfully resolve to proceed with development.” (Sokol, 2009) Erikson’s first and second stage of development, “Trust versus mistrust” (birth to one year old) infant depends of parent, which must help infant to learn to trust by comforting and fulfilling the needs of the child. “Autonomy versus shame and doubt,” one

For stage one of the human developmental cycle as outlined by Erikson, I agree with the general concept and idea being presented. When we are born into the world, we have no motor skills and have no means of communication. At this stage, we are feeble and frail, thus we must trust in a nurturing figure to provide us with all the essentials for life. These are the years through which the greatest physical and mental developments take place, in the respect of growing muscles and comprehending our existence as well as our developing consciousness. Infancy is the foundation of our future relationships with other humans as well as our ability to confide in others in times of helplessness and desperation. This stage in our life also provides us

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development looks at a person's progress personality wise from birth to death. Erikson's theory breaks down the development of personality by explaining eight different stages. As we go on through life our personality is consistently changing according to what stage we are in and what we are trying to accomplish at that stage. Comparing where I am at in my life now and according to Erikson's theory I can look back and see how I have really developed and how I will continue to develop.

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Before studying Child Development at Glendale Community College I had never heard of Erik Erikson. I was first introduced to his theory about the formation of identit in Child Development 135 and it immediately captured my attention because I could reflect on my own experience about my identity (ies) in various environments. I have always wondered if we are what we are given or if we are what we choose to become. Finding one’s self is a life process and it seems impossible to explore every phase of our own identity. In my opinion, Erik Erikson offers a reflexion on social relations’ influences to understand oneself and others. This quest for identity is also related to the social and contextual changes that stem from the demands imposed by society. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages has a phase of "crisis" and the definition he provides opens new perspectives in studying children’s personalities. The term "crisis" refers to a process marked by ruptures and conflicts. Through these ruptures and conflicts, there is also a period of quest for an identity of its own (refers to the question "who am I?"), implied by a necessary adaptation to a new context, changes on the cognitive (access to formal thought) and social (interactions with various environments) levels.

Developmental psychology is the study of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that occur throughout an individual’s lifespan (Weiten, 2015). These changes are influenced by the environment, therefore shaping an individual’s personality, cognition and social functioning (Narvaez & Gleason, 2012). This essay will identify and discuss two experiences that complement two stages of Erikson’s Theory of Personality Development (Fleming, 2004) namely: industry versus inferiority and identity versus role confusion. It will discuss the authoritative style in the parenting theory and the secure attachment style from the theory of attachment. An analysis of the author’s own personal experiences will be discussed by relying on the facts of each theory. It will address strengths and weaknesses regarding Erikson’s Theory, relevant to the author’s developmental process, living in South Africa.