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Essay On Antibiotics

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In the current study, examination of the antifungal activity of the rizobacteria S. proteamaculans against A. solani revealed a strong inhibitory action against the air borne pathogen in the dual culture bioassay (Fig. 1). The strain ability to stop fungal growth suggested production of one or more of the direct inhibitory substances such as antibiotic(s), hydrolytic enzymes, siderophore, or hydrogen cyanid (Shanahan et al. 1992; Palumbo et al. 2005; Voisard et al. 1989; Kloepper et al. 1980). Nevertheless, we hypothesized that application of the bacterial strain as a foliar spray (direct mechanism) would not be feasible due to the bacterial survival challenge. Thus, we investigated the strain's ability to suppress the early blight disease …show more content…

Incidentally, a study by khan et al. (2012) used the rhizobacteria Paenibacillus lentimorbus B-30488r as foliar spray to control early blight disease in tomato and results suggested that foliar application of bacteria reduced disease incidence by 45.3% via inducing plant resistance, degrading the fungus cell wall, and competing for nutrients. Furthermore, results in Fig (2) indicated that blight disease symptoms in plants treated with S. proteamaculans and challenged with A. solani was reduced significantly compared to untreated plants. Accordingly, the observed alleviation of disease severity and symptoms could be attributed to increase tomato resistance to infection due to S. proteamaculans application where the indirect mechanism of S. proteamaculans as a sole possible mechanism against the pathogen and induction of the plant defence system was the only explanation of resistance.

The plant defence system can be stimulated by various inducers such as pathogens (Penninckx et al. (1998), chemical compounds (Flors et al. 2003), plant extracts (Latha et al. 2009), organic matters (Youssef and Tartoura 2013) and microorganisms (Khan et al. 2012). In this regard, induction of plants systemic resistant include enzymatic and non enzymatic pathways. Consequently, induction of the antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolites and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins such as SOD, GPX, PAL and ß -1,3 glucanase are considered an important measure of the plant induced

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