Essay On Hbx X Protein

Hepatitis B is a major health concern that has plagued the world since the dawn of time. While the disease is the most prevalent in third-world countries, it is still prominent in America today despite modern technology and an effective vaccine being available since 1982.1 In order to control the spread of Hepatitis B, or HBV, it’s important for one to understand a few things: the physiology of Hepatitis B, how the disease is spread, and what can be done to prevent HBV from claiming more lives.

The severity of complication range from mild discomforts to death. According to the CDC, 2014 “approximately 15%–25% of people with chronic Hepatitis B develop serious liver problems, including liver damage, cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer”. It is estimated that nearly one million people in the United States (US) have chronic HBV and approximately 3,000 people die yearly from HBV liver related problems. Since the introduction of the immunization in 1990 there has been more than a 80% reduction in the number of HBV cases here in the US. Globally, approximately 350 million people are estimated to have chronic HBV and there are an estimated 620,000 contributory

This Paper was written as an informative project about the Hepatitis B virus. The paper was written in a way that clearly discusses the specific causes, symptoms, treatments and prevention associated with the virus. The paper goes into details on ways to avoid contraction of this virus as well.

In Hepatitis B, it is the biggest part of your body your liver, it helps your body digest food and stores energy and also remove poison. What is Hepatitis B? A swerve from viral hepatitis transmitted in infected in the blood causing a fever and debility and jaundice. In Hepatitis B, you can also contact people by blood, semen or body fluids. How do you know if you have Hepatitis B? by yellow of skin of the eye, dark color urine and you will have pale movements. The worst part of having Hepatitis B, is that you can receive liver cancer and also, liver failure and also can lead you to cirrhosis. The case of Christina L. Pertteruti verse the United States of American dills with the plantiff having the vaccine of Hepatitis B that was brought

The article offers insight into the global health problem of hepatitis B. It goes into detail explaining the relation of viral replication to the host defense mechanism. For those people who have an acute hepatitis infection, the goal of antiviral treatment is to prevent the disease from advancing into liver cirrhosis.

The Functions of Proteins Introduction Protein accounts for about three-fourths of the dry matter in human tissues other than fat and bone. It is a major structural component of hair, skin, nails, connective tissues, and body organs. It is required for practically every essential function in the body. Proteins are made from the following elements; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and often sulphur and phosphorus.

Hepatitis B is a harmful liver infection spread through the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the blood or other bodily fluids. Having over six months of symptoms characterizes chronic hepatitis B, which increases the risk of liver failure, cancer, and cirrhosis. However, vaccines and contraceptives are available to help prevent getting hepatitis B. But as of today, there’s no official cure.

It is estimated that hepatitis B infects approximately one third of the world population— mostly young adults and teenagers. Of that percentage, about 340 million people are chronically infected meaning they cannot get rid of the virus. Sadly, this statistic leads to the depressing rate of approximately one million hepatitis B related deaths each year (Nguyen, V. T., & Dore, G. J., 2008).

HBV infection leads to a wide spectrum of liver disease ranging from acute hepatitis (including

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, the primary malignancy of the liver) is now the third most common cancer in the world affecting more than half a million people. The incidence of liver cancer varies greatly by race and ethnicity; and about 3 times more common in men than women [6]. The most common type of HCC - caused by Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are most prevalent in Asia and Africa, as the presence of virus predisposes people to liver disease and subsequently HCC [7]. In such high prevalence areas of the world, HBV infection is often acquired at birth or in early childhood. In the US, Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) account for more than 50% of people infected with HBV, although many of them are

Hepatitis B infections is caused by the Hepatitis B virus. The hepatitis B virus, also known as HBV, infects more than 300 million people throughout the whole world. It is a common cause of liver diseases and liver cancer. HBV, which is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family, is a small DNA virus with unusual features similar to retroviruses. The Hepatitis B virus' DNA polymerase and retroviral reverse transcriptase are very similar and may have evolved from a common ancestor. HBV replicates through an RNA intermediate and can unite into the host chromosomes. A unique features that the hepatitis B virus replication cycle has is that the virus has the ability to stay in infected cells. The Hepatitis B virus infection leads to a wide spectrum of liver disease ranging from acute to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The virus particles consist of a lipid envelope that contains surface antigens, HBsAg, a core made of proteins,

as BamHI, a fragment of the EBV genome [6]. It is thought that viral proteins may

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the Hepadnarvirus family. The virus particle consists a lipid envelope that contains surface antigens, HBsAg, a core composed of protein, viral DNA, and polymerase. Theses virions are approximately 40 nm in diameter, which are known as one of the smallest enveloped animal viruses. It infects hepatocytes, also known as Dana particles. The genome of HBV is circular, partly double stranded, and approximately 3,200 nucleotides long.

This paper will focus on Hepatitis B and the virus caused, affected, and diagnosed on the body. Under virus, there are two types of Hepatitis B virus such as acute, which is not serious, and chronic, which is severely critical. I will also talk about the autonomy involved, for example, any complications such as increase in liver cancer and so on and so forth. Signs and symptoms like fever, fatigue, vomiting, and more. Treatments will depend on the type of symptoms that are minor or major. Side effects involved with this disease will be. I will also talk about some kind of prevention method to be safe, any research that might significantly impact Hepatitis B, and then my opinion or insight on the whole matter.

Replication pattern of HEV is still largely unknown because effective cell-culture system for HEV has been developed recently (Tanaka et al., 2007). It is believed that HEV enters the cell by binding to cellular receptor, heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), with its capsid protein and viral entry is carried out by the binding of C-terminal region of ORF2 to the cell surface protein, heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) (Zhou and Emerson, 2006; Kalia et al., 2009). Also, p239, a truncated partial homodimer of the HEV capsid protein (HEV239) potentially binds to the HEV receptor(s) on cells (He et al., 2008) and a cellular chaperone, glucose regulated protein (Grp78) (Yu et al., 2011). However, more studies should be conducted to confirm the cellular receptors for HEV. The mechanism of uncoating of the HEV genome after its entry into the cells is also unknown. One of the study has suggested that heat shock protein (HSP90) might be playing role in intracellular transport of HEV since the inhibition of HSP90 blocked the intracellular transport of the HEV239 capsid protein but did not affect the binding and entry of the truncated capsid protein (Zheng et al., 2010).