LITERATURE REVIEW
Theories included in the research were theory of representation, Barthes semiotics, Bühler Organon model, theory of advertisement discourse, and critical discourse analysis theory. Theory of representation is crucial here because the fundamental aim of the research is to look at how Indonesia is represented in the tourism advertisement to be further analyzed and criticized. Representation is one of central practices in a process named by du Gay, Hall et al. as the ‘circuit of culture’. Representation is furthermore defined by Hall as “an essential part of the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture” (Hall, 1997). Hall also defined it as the use of language to deliver or communicate something with meanings to other people. Similar to Hall, Gilles and
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According to Fairclough (1995), critical discourse analysis is discourse analysis which aims to systematically observe causality between discourse practice and wider socio-cultural structure. Besides, it also aims to seek how the relation is influenced and how the ideology is formed by power in society (p.132). In short, a result of a critical discourse analysis exposes an implicit message or meaning beneath a discourse. In this research, the implicit meaning is how Indonesia is represented in a tourism advertisement. In critical discourse analysis, there are theorists who have focused and systematic frameworks on genre and socio-semantic representation within a discourse, but there are also those who combine various kinds of research methodologies (Blommaert & Bulcaen, 2008). In this research, the method utilized is communicative event analysis, which is part of Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis framework. Communicative event analysis observes a discourse as a social practice which is composed of three dimensions: text, discourse practice, and social
In order to fully comprehend the meaning of the advertisement, one requires a process to analyze it. Kenneth Burke created a “Pentad of Dramatism,” as a way to critically analyze pieces of work such as advertisements. This method includes five major components: act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose. Act describes what types of communication are utilized in the work including actions done by the agents, both verbal and nonverbal. Scene describes when and where the act is takes
The heuristic that is used for this research guide to identify a discourse communities is the six characteristics that John Swales identifies in “The
Nevertheless, discourse plays a crucial role in the rhetorical analysis process, as Grant Davie explains, the process goes from establishing the subject to identifying where discourse comes from and finally evaluating its importance and point. Moreover, the chamber of commerce is trying to get primarily affluent individuals to move down to Winter Park, Florida. Moreover, to persuade them that living in Winter Park is everyone’s stereotypical American
Life is like a massive highway that have infinite routes anyone can choose take to reach some type of designated goal. Those various routes lead to distinct exits, where one can discover a group or groups that share similarities dealing with viewpoints, beliefs, or understanding towards a particular goal. These groups can be identified as discourse communities. According to, “The Concept of Discourse Community,” in the textbook, Writing About Writing, John Swales stressed that in order to be classified as a discourse community the group has to have all six defining characteristics. Swales emphasized, “A discourse community has a broadly agreed set of common public goals, mechanisms of intercommunication among its members, uses its participatory mechanisms primarily to provide information and feedback, utilities and hence processes one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of its aims, acquires specific lexis, and has a threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discourse expertise” (Swales, 221-222). Keeping this key detail in mind, there is numerous type of discourse out there.
The second level grammatical-rhetorical analysis aims to investigate the relationship between grammatical choice and rhetorical function in written English for science and technology. Discourse analysis as interaction represents the third level of language description. Most importantly, interactional analysis outlines the concept of interpretation of discourse by the reader or listener. Discourse analysis appears to have steadily moved from surface-level analysis to a deeper description of language use. However, in the context of language teaching for specific purposes, applied discourse analysis seems to represent a rather narrow description of language in use and is inadequate in its explanation. In order to introduce a thick description of language in use, it is necessary to combine socio-cultural and psycholinguistic aspects of text-construction and interpretation with linguistic insights to answer the question: why are specific discourse-genres written and used by the specialist communities the way they are? Genre analysis as an insightful description of English for specific purpose texts has become a useful and powerful tool to arrive at significant form-function correlations which can be utilized for a number of applied linguistic purposes.
There are many rhetorical tools used in advertising today to grab the readers’ attention. Some of those include, but are not limited to, color, sex, surroundings, and fantasy. All of these tools are used in the advertisement of the MGM Grand that I chose to analyze. MGM Grand has chosen several techniques to help market themselves better to vacationers. It uses visual pictures, inviting colors, and an enticing choice of narrative as its strategy. One of the many things that Vegas has to offer is the chance to get rid of all of your inhibitions and just have fun. Also, the fact that Las Vegas is famous for the saying, “What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas”, sends a message to vacationers
Knowing what an author of an article or any journal entry means is one of the most important part of understanding the authors point. There are numerous ways how this can be achieved. One of the most commonly used methods in the field of communication is through the use of rhetorical analysis. Rhetorical analysis, or what is also sometimes called as rhetorical criticism refers to a process where an individual identifies, analyzes, and then interprets the presence of symbolic artifacts in a particular text or reading, which may include words, images, phrases, ideas, and even discourses, to get the overall meaning of that text or reading. The objective of this paper is to use rhetorical analysis, and the three underlying appeals or concepts namely
Advertisements are means of marketing communication companies especially big companies use to persuade their audience to buy their product, or to promote their products, using different rhetorical appeals. In this essay I will talk about two different companies’ Vivel luxury and Fiama Di Wills that sell similar products and how each company uses different rhetorical appeals to reach its audience.
Discourses are the “social and cultural practices through which individuals and groups use language to establish their identities…they provide ways of being, thinking, acting and using language so that people can identify themselves in social and cultural networks” Discourses affect peoples views on all things, for example, two different
Today’s quick-moving world of technology has media texts such as advertisements to make sure that people understand with just a glance. Having adverts on magazines, social media and billboards allow them to use tools such as semiology, genre and narrative because it makes their messages clear instantly. These signs allow us to carry meaning through advertisements, connotations and the signification process. These tools let brands, mainly celebrities, and the option to produce and create a myth of the product such as “Be daring. Be an inspiration” to sell it to the world. We are in a time where advertisers use ‘simplicity’ in their adverts; there are no more paragraphs. It is mainly down to the person and the few words shown in that advert.
Amongst all of these advertisements, a natural link is developed between the visual representation and the product/idea being sold. In the first ad, a masculine link of control and success was created between the picture and job, targeted for both elder men and women. For man, their natural state of superiority would increase if he took this job. For the woman, her natural lower class state would move up to that of manís. The perfume ad, on the other hand, is attracting female customers only. The feminine feelings of happiness, peace, beauty and truth are linked through objects from nature, such as the sky and clouds; and these feelings are stereotypically viewed as feminine. The third ad selling a vacation trip is directed mainly toward college students. The presentation of freedom, adventure and relaxation grab studentsí attention, especially for those who really need to get away from school stress. The ad targets all sorts of students, those ìmasculineî ones who are seeking adventure and those
In his essay The Rhetoric of The Image, Roland Barthes explores the relationship between image and meaning. He centres his discussion around the advertisement as advertising is a medium in which there is an intended message being sent to the viewer. Barthes puts forward that if an image contains signs, in advertising the signs are ‘full’, as these signs are formed with the viewer in mind so that the intended message is not missed.
The theory of semiotics, as proposed by Roland Barthes, has been used to analyze advertisements and the effectiveness of advertisements on viewers. In the articles that I researched that used semiotics to analyze particular advertisements, I found four common and related themes. First, the articles mentioned that the viewer determines the meaning of the advertisement or the viewer interprets the advertisement. Second, this meaning that the viewer assigns to the advertisement is largely determined by context, both social and cultural. Third, advertisers use culture and predominant cultural beliefs in their advertisements in efforts to reach their audience more effectively. Finally, these advertisements actually end up supporting the
‘Why Antigua and Barbuda?’ is an advertisement created and published at ‘wheretostay.com’. The text advertises Antigua and Barbuda as an ideal tourist destination. The text advertises the twin-island nation from its luxury hotels to its main attractions. As a result, the target audience of the text is the general public, however they lean more towards rich people. This is because of the fact that the text uses words that appeal to those who have a high income. The overall purpose of the text is to persuade tourists to come to Antigua and Barbuda. That level of persuasion requires a great level of linguistic devices. This analysis will discuss the theme, diction, layout and photography, stylistic features, mood and tone, as well as the overall message of the text.
The main research problem deals with the use of creative concepts in advertisements which is a mass media issue and therefore contributes to the existing knowledge in communication studies. The issue is also of interest to the researcher as a media studies student. The main issue is researchable because it can be resolved by the collection of evidence. The research is feasible as the magazines relating to the problem area of the research are within the means of