Assessment task 2- Scenario 2
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections diagnosed among women in the world. There has been increasing concern for alternative method to treat urinary tract infection over antibiotics since misuse of antibiotics can led to bacterial resistance(Scholes et al., 2004). This essay will establish PICO (population, intervention, comparison and outcome) question in the given scenario where a 22 year old Susan visits the GP with symptoms of urinary frequency, dysuria, lower back pain and shivering. She was diagnosed with Urinary tract infection (hereby referred as UTI) and antibiotics were prescribed. However after developing thrush due to antibiotics for urinary tract infection previously, she
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Some of the data bases used to find relevant article were CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane library, Joanna Briggs Institute and Journals@Ovid. The data bases were used to find systematic review, peer reviewed research and reliable data. Cochrane library provide evidence based and high quality papers which is suitable for the current essay. Similarly Joanna Briggs Institute also provides systematic reviews that are reliable. Furthermore Medline is another significant database use in this essay as it has peer reviewed resources. Types of evidence Various types of evidences can be found while doing the research. However, it is very important to filter those evidences and prioritize the according to their reliability and method of research. So, following are the evidences that are categorized on the basis of hierarchy of evidence. 1. Jepson, R. G., Williams, G., & Craig, J. C. (2012). Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10(10). Jepson, Williams and Craig( 2012) conducted meta- analysis of 24 studies with total of 4473 population. They concluded that there were evidences where cranberries juice reduces the number of symptomatic UTI. However, on reviewing the result of larger group, there was not any significant difference in the result implying that cranberry juice did not have noticeable effect in urinary tract infection.
2. Bass-Ware, A., Weed, D., Johnson, T., & Spurlock,
The four specific databases that were used in this research are, Cinahl, Medline, Joanna Briggs and Cochrane Library. All of these databases were chosen because they provided up to date peer reviewed evidence that was relevant to the search terms. This ensures that the evidence that was found was relevant and reliable. The Cinahl website was useful to gather background information on the topic such as how a UTI is contracted and how it effects the body. The Cochrane Library and Medline website was useful to because it gave specific information on studies that had already been done by other researchers. This helped to ensure that the study that is being undertaken was searching for the right results.
Authors suggested that the accurate diagnosis of a UTI will play a role in the cost-effective medical care and appropriate antimicrobial utilization. The objective of the article is to summarize the top ten, misconceptions of UTI that result in extraneous testing and antimicrobial treatment. This article is well organized, consist of an abstract, introduction, list the myths with mistaken beliefs pertaining to diagnosis, a discussion and conclusion. One reason this article was of an interesting choosing was, due to myth number, “falls and acute altered mental status changes in the elderly patient are usually caused by UTI.” The article suggests that elderly patients with acute mental status changes accompanied by bacteriuria, pyuria without clinical instability or other signs or symptoms of UTI can reasonably be observed for resolution of confusion for 24-48 hours without antibiotics, which searching for other causes. The article describes in detail that elderly patients with acute mental status change and functional decline are nonspecific and are clinical manifestation of several circumstances such as, dehydration, hypoxia, and ploy-pharmacy adverse reaction. In the discussion section, the article also suggests that an increase in education and evidence-based guidelines aimed at physicians, advance practice
T.M. was admitted to the sub-acute unit for an UTI. UTI is usually cause by an organism called Escherichia coli. Risk factors for UTI in males can be bladder stones, kidney stones, an enlarge prostate, catheter use, or bacterial prostatitis. Some of the symptoms of UTI are burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination, fever, chills, foul smelling urine, urine retention, and lethargy. T.M. has a diagnosis of BPH and repeated history of UTI which increase his risk for UTI. A short-term goal will be that the patient will be display no UTI sign of symptoms. A long-term goal will be that the patient will demonstrate behavioral techniques to prevent future UTI. To accomplish these goals, the patient should be encouraged to void every 2 to
Mainstream medicine's access to this affair is to appoint antibiotics to allay the problem. But that presents a botheration of it's own. Since urinary amplitude infections action several times consistent in antibiotics accepting assigned several times, the overuse of those antibiotics can advance
The Latin translation of uva-ursi has led to its shorthand of bearsberry, designated such due to an observed propensity of bears towards eating the berries this shrub produces. Only the leaves on this plant produce any herbal benefit. “Fruits are technically edible for humans, but are generally considered to be mealy and lacking flavor. Meriwether Lewis described these fruits in 1806 to be ‘tasteless and insipid.’ On the plus side, bears, birds and small mammals love the fruits”(Vaughan & Judd, 2003). The use of this herb dates back to the 2ndcentury as an effective remedy for urinary tract infections.
The care of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common costly problem in acute care and home care population. Many therapies have been made for the treatment. Despite this, the patient still suffer from pains when urinating and the financial burden.
Some study said that rUTIs are not life-threatening, however, lowered quality of life and increased health-care costs are inevitable in these diseases.7 Patients with rUTI may experience anxiety of sudden acute episodes and psychological burden.8 In other studies, urinary tract infection may lead to various complications, starting from increased length of stay in hospital until higher mortality rate. Based on a study by Mitchell et al, out of 1.73% of admitted patients who had UTI, there were 3.5 days extra length of stay compared to those without UTI. People with infection also had 2.3 times more chance to die during their admission.9 Moreover, in The United States, annual cost of UTI are >$3.5 billion, whereas in Italy the cost of UTI and rUTI was around 240 and 140 euro per episodes respectively.5,10 Thus, preventive measures should be done to solve this
A UTI (urinary tract infection) is one of the most common infections. E. Coli is the leading cause of UTIs. Approximately 40% of women experience a UTI at some point in their lives. UTIS can be treated with antibiotics, such as Amoxicillin, as a first line defense. To prevent getting UTIs, it is best to wipe from front to back to avoid bacteria getting into the bladder. Voiding every four hours and drinking more water is also recommended. Studies have proven that drinking cranberry juice has helped women prevent UTIs.
Cranberry juice is a natural diuretic and can serve the purpose of removing THC as well, faster than flushing out with water alone.
UTI –Bacteria is found in the Intestine and is excreted with urine through the urethra. When glucose is present in the urine, this provides a medium and nutrition for bacteria to grow causing inflammation of the bladder (cystitis) as well as it spreading up the ureter’s to the kidneys (pyelonephritis). The risk of UTI’s are also increased by a weakened immune response due to a smaller amount of lymphocytes travelling to the area of infection because of a reduces blood flow caused by diabetes. (Diabetes.co.uk, 2014)
Judy Violet [pseudonym] is a twenty-year-old female who has presented to Emergency Care [EC] with a three day history of burning and pain when urinating. She reported urinating more frequently than usual and that her urine was cloudy. She reported lethargy and loss of appetite, but was accepting fluids. She denied fever, nausea, vomiting and flank pain. She reported two previous urinary tract infections [UTIs] in the past six months. She self-managed these with cranberry juice, so does not “understand why it won’t go away” or “why I keep getting them”. She denied any history of sexually transmitted infections, or gynaecological complications. Her last period had been one week earlier and it was normal. She was married and denied any recent unprotected sexual intercourse. Miss Violet reported the contraceptive pill as her only regular medication, and had not taken anything for the current pain except for cranberry juice.
Israel received their independence in 1948, 69 years later they have surpassed more milestones than most countries do in 200 years. (Katz, 2017) Their history shows nothing but war and conflict all the way from the Biblical time frame to present day. Israel has gone from poverty to wealth in a brief duration of time. Israel’s Political, Military and Economic structures have developed tenfold in contrast to other countries that were established four times longer. Through Israel’s military, the government backing, and their ability to adapt economically, Israel is holding their enemies at bay and escalating to a superpower nation.
Flora closed her door and immediately collapsed onto her couch. She was exhausted, and the only thing she wanted at the moment was thirteen hours of sleep. But, for all of her physical fatigue, she couldn’t get her mind to shut up. The human life that she had ever-so-carefully cultivated seemed to be unravelling in front of her eyes.
Education level is not the only factor that has a significant role in black infant mortality, but so does the environment these African American women live in. The environment someone lives in, whether it be emotional or physical plays a major role on the person’s behavior and habits. One of the main things that a research has found is that childhood lead poisoning can lead to many later poor health effects or complications during pregnancy. Lead is usually found in older homes in many cities. Even though there are rules and regulations about a home with lead, many landowners usually just end up paying a fine that goes with having lead in their house, rather than fixing the problem and not have lead, since it will be more cost effective
Another research published in the same journal in 2009 noted that green tea and capsaicin can