Eukaryotic Cells In Childhood

Every living thing is composed up of cells that contain DNA. The cells are specialized to its own function. It can carry the information needed to make up the body and hands.

Each human being has something called DNA. DNA is described as genetics and an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms. DNA constructs of two nucleotide strands coiled around each other in a ladder like arrangement with the sidepieces composed of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose units and the rungs composed of the purine and pyrimidine bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Each chromosome consist of one continuous thread-like molecule of DNA coiled tightly around proteins and contains a portion of the 6,400,000,000 basepairs that make up your DNA.

The cell cycle is a series of stages that occurs when a new cells makes the division from the parent cell to two daughter cells. This is a stage in cellular reproduction. The cell cycle consists of three phases, interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. During Interphase, a cell will continue to perform its functions as usual. The time frame for Interphase varies; while an embryonic cell will take just a few hours to complete the cycle, a stem cell from an adult can take 24 hours (Mader, Windelspecht, 2015). After the interphase stage completes itself, a complete nuclear division happens and mitosis occurs. During the stage of mitosis, the daughter cells will receive the same amounts of the contents of the parent cell. Throughout the last stage, in the cytoplasm there is a division known as Cytokinesis (Mader, Windelspecht, 2015). Cytokinesis occurs differently in plant cells than it does in animal cells, as the cell wall around the plant prevents the process from happening the same way. Instead, a new plasma membrane and cell walls are built are built between the daughter cells. However, in animal cells a single cell will become two (Mader, Windelspecht, 2015).

Each cell contains the genetic coding that makes organisms function. A collection of similar functioning cells form tissues. Groups of tissues form organs, organs make systems and all of this together is the human body. Cells store DNA, which are the blueprints of the body. Humans have 46 chromosomes that come from parents; they create the genetic coding

The cell cycle has four main stages. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth. The four stages consist of Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2), and Mitosis (M). Gap 1, consists of a cell that carries its normal functions. Calls also increase in size, and the organelles increase in number. A cell will spend the most time in this phase. But it also depends on the cell type to see how long it will spend in this phase. During this phase the cell has to pass a critical checkpoint before it can continue into the (S) stage, also called the Synthesis stage. It would be dangerous for a cell to keep dividing if the certain conditions were not met. The cells in this stage also need signals from the other cells to tell the if division is needed. Now the next stage is the Synthesis stage. During this phase the cell makes a copy of it’s nuclear DNA. By the end of the (S) phase DNA appears grainy in photos and the cell nucleus contains two complete sets of DNA. Gap 2, is the third stage of the cell cycle. The cells continue doing there thing and more growth occurs. This phase is like the checkpoint, everything in the cell has to be going right for the cell to be able to enter mitosis.

In the G1 phase, cell synthesizes proteins and produces cytoplasmic organelles. In the S phase, DNA synthesis occurs, and in the G2 phase, the cell beings forming the spindle.

A cell is defined as the smallest and most basic 8nit of life-microscopic, self-contained units enclosed by a water repelling membrane. The human body is composed of approximately 100 trillion cells. We also learned that a genome is the complete set of genes of an organism, or also known as genetic information. We learn that a gene is a segment of DNA that codes for distinct genetic characteristics, such as having O-type blood or a dimpled chin. The cell theory plays a large part in chapter 3 because chapter 3 is all about cells. Cell theory, is one of the unifying principle of biology. This concept has two main parts: Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all cells living today came from a pre-existing cell. The cell theory pretty much states that cells come from other cells, and that all individual cells are alive. It also states that all living and only living things are made of cells. We also learn about prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are any of one of the two major groups of living organisms. Only bacteria and archness are prokaryotes are prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are often known as “pre-nucleus” organisms. Prokaryotes are approximately ten times the size of eukaryotes, lack membrane bound organelle, and are the oldest fossils. Prokaryotes are approximately 3.5 billion years old. Eukaryotes are one of the two major groups of living organisms. They include animals, plants, fungi, and protists. These eukaryotes are known as “true-nucleus”. Eukaryotes are approximately ten times the size of prokaryotes, have membrane bound organelles, and are also the oldest fossils and are approximately 2.1 billion years

A human body is made up of billions of cells that form all our diverse

Interphase: In this phase the DNA copies itself while protein synthesis occurs. In this phase the chromosomes are not visible. DNA appears has uncoiled chromatin. Cell grows and replicates organelle. Picture URL: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/images/interpha.gif

“The nucleus of every human cell contains ‘46’ chromosomes. Each chromo has a coiled molecule of Deoxyribonucleracid (DNA) and contains about one hundred thousand genes. Every gene is a tiny part of DNA that controls a specific cell function. One thread of DNA molecule is longer than the length of the whole human body. Twined in a double helix, one strand (technique) of DNA carries the genetic code, acting as a template for the formation of the messenger Ribonucleic acid (RNA).”

Genes are found in chromosomes and chromosomes are found inside our cells. All living things are made up of cells. In the centre of a cell, is the nucleus, which controls what the cell does. For example, the gene will decide if you are short or tall.Our body is designed so that our organs and body parts best suits what we are and how we work.The nucleus contains materials such as chromosomes and genes.Chromosomes carry genes which are responsible for hereditary traits passed on from our parents- we get half of mother's genes and half of our father’s genes.

You've must have seen a picture of DNA's double-helix structure and maybe pictures of chromosomes. But, did you ever wonder how the double helix fits into chromosomes, and how chromosomes relate to our bodies? The human body contains about one hundred trillion cells, all working together. Every cell contains the human genome, a string that contains about three billion A, C, G, and T's. In every cell, the sequence of the four letters/bases, are very similar. Even the smallest differences in our sequence will make us all unique.

Chromosome- Chromosomes are the microscopic structure within cells that carries the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the hereditary material that influences the development and characteristics of each organism. In bacteria and bacteria-like organisms called archaebacteria, chromosomes are simple circles of DNA that float around in the cell. In more complex cells, or Eukaryotes, chromosomes are stored within a well developed and defined nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are highly complex structures in which the shape of the DNA molecules is linear, rather than circular. Chromosomes consist chiefly of proteins and DNA. Tiny chemical subunits called nucleotide bases form the structure of DNA. A sequence of these bases that are along a DNA strand will create a code for the production of a special protein also known as a gene. Genes occupy precise locations on the chromosome. Each cell contains enough DNA to form a thread extending about 2 m (about 7 ft). Proteins called histones play a key role in packaging DNA within chromosomes. Sections of

The cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa; others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multi-cellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like mycoplasmas, which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter, to the egg yolks of ostriches, which are about 8 cm (about 3 in) in diameter. Although they may differ widely in appearance and function, all cells have a surrounding membrane and an internal, water-rich substance called the cytoplasm, the composition of which differs significantly from the external environment of the cell. Within the cell is genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),

Humans are Eukaryotes! Eukaryotic cells are far larger and more complex than prokaryotes cells. They are typically 10-100m in diameter and these cells are found in animals and plant cells. They contain many organelles. The eukaryotic cell has often been compared to a factory where different machines and peoples have different jobs , all are working together with one purpose. Efficiency is improved by division of labour, the sharing out of jobs. The cell as whole is divided into compartments celled compartmentation. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus enclosed by double membrane and communicate with cytosol via nuclear pores. The purpose of this nucleus is to set apart DNA related functions of big eukaryotic cells into smaller chamber and within this nucleus is nuclear chromatin that contains organisms genome. DNA stores organisms entire genetic information. DNA is usually linear and complexed with proteins called histones. Eukaryotes have larger ribosomes such as 80s. Ribosomes are made out of special class of RNA molecule. The existence of ribosome is temporary after synthesis of polypeptide chains two subunits separate and break. Eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm that is filled with