EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PIPELINE USEAGE ON THE TEXAS OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN By JASHANDEEP SINGH Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON August 2015 Copyright © by Jashandeep Singh 2015 All Rights Reserved Acknowledgements This thesis dissertation is a milestone of my academic career. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Prof. Erick. C. Jones for his support for my MS thesis, for his immense knowledge, patience and motivation. I would also like to thank the members of the thesis committee ………… for their encouragement, comments and their …show more content…
In order to meet the objective, specific objectives were put down to evaluate their impacts. First was to evaluate the economic impact of mode of transport and the infrastructure second was to evaluate the economic impact of refinery sustainability. Finally this dissertation aims at the mixed – integer programming model to demonstrate the economic impacts on the supply chain. Table of Contents Acknowledgement Abstract Acknowledgements 1 Abstract 2 Chapter 1 8 Introduction 8 1.1 The dependency of Texas economy on oil & gas sector 8 1.1.1 Problem Statement 9 1.1.2 Research Significance and broader impacts 10 1.1.3 Research Question and Hypotheses 11 1.2 Research Purposes 11 1.2.1. Overall Research Objective 11 1.2.2 Specific Research Objectives 12 Chapter 2 13 Background 13 2.1 Crude oil 13 2.2 Crude Oil Extraction 17 2.3 Crude Oil in Texas 22 2.4 Texas Economy and Crude Oil 36 2.5 Oil Transportation and Storage 41 2.6 Role of Pipelines 48 Chapter 3 52 Methodology 52 3.1 Description 52 3.2 Hypothesis statement 53 Chapter 4 61 Results 61 Chapter 5 65 Contribution to the Body of Knowledge 65 5.2 Limitations and Area of Disciplines 66 5.3 Intellectual Merit and Broader Impact 67 Appendix A 69 References 70 List of Illustrations Figure 1.1 Texas Field Production of Crude Oil 9 Figure 2 Snapshot of the Excel Model 56
The Trans Mountain Pipeline expansion project has brought forth many conflicting arguments, thus resulting in some parties being for it and some against it. I believe however, the risks are far greater than the rewards. The controversies surrounding the oil pipeline have brought up significant reports regarding environmental safety and concern with also safety and concern of the public. Due to the fact that presently, there is one operational pipeline running from Alberta to the Pacific Coast, I believe the introduction of a new pipeline would have disastrous consequences if something were to happen whether being an oil spill or a fire. The NEB (National Energy Board) failed to mention significant situations in which this pipeline could significantly
Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Ms. Upekha Manamendra for the continuous support of create this report, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for create my report.
“Standing Rock is part of an ongoing struggle against colonial violence.” The nonndigenous culture tends to think of Native Americans from a purely historical perspective because of their struggle for their rights and land ownership. As we know from our history books, dominant white society diminished Native Americans to the margins and continues to take their possessions out of their wants. The North Dakota Dakota Access Pipeline article by Ifeoma Oluo, an author of the Guardian, mentions that Native Americans fighting the battle for justice in a government stacked against them, as well as, mentioning African-Americans are in the same battle to withstand any more disrespect and brutally from the white dominance. Published on September 2016,
On Sunday, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers denied a permit for completion of the Dakota Access Pipeline, which would have come a half a mile south of the Standing Rock Sioux reservation in North Dakota. HOWEVER, Instead, the Corps said it would begin to explore alternative routes. While members of the tribe and its allies celebrated the decision, some worry that the victory may only be temporary, given President-elect Donald Trump’s support for the almost 1,200 mile-long pipeline.However, North Dakota’s governor, the company and members of the state’s congressional delegation all denounced the decision. Therefore, members of the tribe have said for many months that the pipeline would destroy sacred lands and were worried an oil leak could
In the beginning, there was already a world, just like ours, but the people within it were filled with hate and violence. The Creating Power, displeased, flooded their world till no one remained. When the time came to create another world, the Creating Power was careful, leaving us with a long-standing message: not acting in peace with each other would result in our destruction. The Lakota, joined by many other Native American tribes and indigenous tribes all over the world, share this common belief; that if peace is destroyed, so will be the world. Yet, for as long as can be remembered, disputes over land have haunted us. The ideas of imperialism and manifest destiny have resulted in the death of many people and cultures, ancestry that tied
Small introduction…. for these reasons debate continues over the pipeline and deserves serious consideration of the review of these four questions:
The Keystone Pipeline is a crude oil pipeline that runs from Canada to the United States. The original pipeline goes through most of Canada before crossing over the border into the United States, running its way down into Illinois. The proposed Keystone XL pipeline extension provides a blueprint for the extension to go from the origin point in Alberta through the American prairie states into Nebraska connecting into the original pipeline and adding a new line going from the original pipeline in southern Nebraska into Texas and the Gulf of Mexico. Although the Keystone Pipeline provides a great service for the United States and Canada for the transportation of oil, there are some
In 2015, the world will face a vast amount of dilemmas; these dilemmas range from how someone is going to get their food to how they are going to cook. But the biggest dilemma of them all, is how they are going to continue to get energy to do everyday tasks. The most efficient resources are those of the nonrenewable variety. These nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum. Someday these resources will run out and will not be replenished for thousands of years. As of now, an overwhelming majority of the energy used in the world today is non-renewable. We, as civilized people, are so dependent on fossil fuels that we go through extraneous efforts to retrieve these properties. The world needs energy to function and sites that once contained vital resources are on the verge of depletion. It is inevitable that the world looks elsewhere for another resource to absorb the depleting reservoirs. One reservoir capable of withstanding the demand for oil are the tar sands located near Alberta, Canada. These tar sands are the third largest reservoir of crude oil in the world and are conveniently located just north of the United States border (About the Project). There is a wide spread debate on whether or not the crude oil produced from these tar sands should be transported via pipeline. With critical analysis of all point of views, it is without a doubt that the United States should cease their delay on
The building of the Keystone Pipeline has become a rallying cry for it proponents as well as the opposition. Although the opposing side are able to agree on little else, I believe each see the importance of the outcome of the debate. I have followed the controversy closely for the six years it has been raging. The facts behind the storm point clearly to the problems associated with the project Building the proposed extension of the Keystone Pipeline would transport product that will place vital natural resources at risk in its transport, damage the environment with the mining process used to extract it, result in increased global warming by furthering our nation’s dependency on fossil fuels, and is not in the best interest of the country.
In North Dakota, oil is a great source of revenue. Since the oil boom, transporting that oil has been done through pipelines as well as rail cars. Recently, the Dakota Access pipeline has attracted attention from celebrities and other civilians that are not even residents of the Dakotas, such as Shailene Woodley, Leonardo DiCaprio, Jane Fonda, and Mark Ruffalo. Pipelines can be both efficient and dangerous. The efficiency can be read in the ability to transport the oil to other states, while the danger can be read in the environmental damage of an oil spill in a river that people depend on for water--in the case the Dakota Access pipeline could damage the Missouri River. No matter all the perks of a pipeline such as Dakota Access, it can be
A proposed oil pipeline project will have the capacity to transport thounsands of barrels of crude oil to refineries in Oklahoma, Illinois, and the Gulf Coast of Texas. The Keystone XL is a 1,711-mile pipeline delivering Canadian crude oil to United States oil markets. This project is a response to the market demand for heavy crude oil in the Unites States. The pipeline will also be used to transport crude oil to the Cushing tank farm in the Midwest region. Many refineries in the Gulf Coast region provide millions of barrels per day, This region accounts for almost half of U.S. refining capacity. The refineries produce large amounts of refined petroleum product, like gasoline and jet fuel. The negative impacts of
When talking about courage, both sides show it by going against what the other is for. By that I mean the tribes in Sioux are against the pipeline and speaking up even though it could cause them to be arrested or injured. While the people for the pipeline are fighting for their belief in the pipeline, opening up themselves to ridicule and backlash for their views. They both are showing courage within their actions by fighting for their way.
At Standing Rock Sioux Reservation multiple Native American tribes are protesting the construction of the North Dakota Pipeline. The North Dakota Pipeline could be very beneficial for moving oil in a safer and more cost effective manner, but it could also cause irreparable harm to the environment and communities surrounding it. Even though there are benefits to the construction of the pipeline, it would cause more destruction than being a system improvement.
Canada has the second largest oil reserves and is a major producer and exporter. This attribute comes with great demand for faster means to get the oil produced to different areas where it is needed. The Keystone Pipeline XL project is however one of such means, created to transport oil from Alberta, Canada and the Bakken Shale Formation in the United States to Steele City, Nebraska for onward delivery to Cushing, Oklahoma, and refineries in the Gulf Coast area. The United States is the world’s top crude oil consumer. According to U.S Energy Information Administration, in 2015, the United States consumed a total of 7.08 billion barrels of petroleum products, an average of about 19.4 million barrels per day. This essaying will portray what the Keystone Pipeline XL project is about, the potential benefits and who supports its construction, it will also look at the opposing side; the potential negatives and who is against its construction. Here, I will consider the steps that can be taken to minimize potential negative impacts and to ensure environmental sustainability of the project. After reviewing the potential benefits and costs of this project, I will then render my own decision and conclude.
The environment is a very important thing to take care of and can be very fragile. In the recent years humanity hasn’t been doing much to take care of the earth, and instead is destroying it in the name of progress. One of the harmful things that could really impact the environment is the North Dakota Pipeline. Some facts about the pipeline is that it is owned by Energy Transfer Partners who are the owners of Sunoco. Sunoco has had multiple onshore pipeline leaks and disasters that have devastated many environments. The planned pipeline is going to be 1,134 miles long and will cut through North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, and Illinois, by doing that it crosses fifty counties in total. Pipelines in general aren’t really the most reliable things