Evaluation Of A Wireless Sensor Networks For Inclement Weather Disaster Mitigation

The intricate and connect power grid system that is linked and stretched out to over 200,000 of high-tension transmission lines, which supplies the power we depend so heavily upon. What exactly does it take to keep this system working reliably? In a control room On August 14th, 2003 in New Albany, New York the board that monitors the grid throughout New York with bulbs that light up when a transmission line connection had been lost was light up all over. With a system that is almost always reliable what could cause this chaos

A power system is always in a state of disturbance that may lead to instability in the system. The consequences of a major power supply interruption can prove to be so disastrous, that every effort must be made to reduce the impact of such a disturbance. The process of determining the steadiness of the power system following any upset is known as security assessment. In particular, MW security assessment is a process to evaluate the security of the power system following a disturbance. It is done considering the loading conditions in respect of MW power flow on the lines. Each line has a capacity to carry MW power up to transmission line design limits beyond which the lines may trip due to overloading. In this paper MW security assessment has

The models developed for this research focused on addressing the following question: What is the likelihood of an outage occurrence? Based on the expected effect of weather, demographics, and socioeconomic features on outages, some hypotheses to be tested are as follows:

To ensure that the lights stay on, power system operators need to understand the ability of the system to meet the demand, known as generation adequacy. Risk indices are used to model the likelihood that the supply will not meet the demand. Two main measures exist, the Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) for the future season, which measures the expected number of time periods that supply will not meet demand and the Loss of Load Probability (LOLP), used in this report & generally in the UK, models the likelihood that that the demand at time t will not be met by the supply at t, the demand at time of annual peak is usually used.

A key solution to the energy storage and wastage problems is offered by renewable energy sources; however, their integration with the existing grids comes with a set of barriers such as the intermittency of generation and the high level of distribution of the sources and the lack of proven distribution control algorithms to manage such a highly distributed generation base [2]. In such situation, the use of communication and information technologies is attractive to match the demand to the available supply and dramatically improve performance and efficiency. A smart grid is an intelligent electricity network that integrates the actions of all users connected to it and makes use of advanced information, control, and communications technologies to save energy, reduce cost and

National Grid is one of the many electric power transmission network and gas companies that serve customers and businesses by using the most reliable and efficiently clean energy for which millions of customers benefit and depend on. The Company has its foundation in the UK and Northeastern US. Its objective is to provide the best performance and reliability to the customers, expand and growth the services throughout many states in the United States. As a whole the company is striving for success by using and developing the talents within the within the organization, new skills and capabilities to compete with others electric companies.

Substantial economic risks are associated with dry years and power shortages. In 1992, 2001 and 2003 an approximate cost of 1% loss of the GDP (1992) and several hundreds of millions of dollars (2001 & 2003) was attributed to power shortages. Previous blackouts have caused substantial damages, with the 1998 power outage in Auckland exposing city retailers to as much as $10 million a day in losses due to the power cuts (Bell, 1998). The potential impacts of an extended power outage could contribute to ongoing business suffering, and potential closures of small businesses which are unable to cope without continuous cash inflow.

Index Terms—Distributed generation (DG), distributed power systems, droop method, hierarchical control, ISA-95, microgrid (MG), parallel operation, smart grid (SG).

With the ongoing deregulation of the electric utility industry, numerous changes are continuously being introduced to a once predictable business. With electricity increasingly being considered as a commodity, transmission systems are being pushed closer to their stability and thermal limits while the focus on the quality of power delivered is greater than ever. In addition, dynamic reactive power support is becoming more important,

Voltage instability problems play a great role in power systems planning and operation. Nowadays, power systems are being performed closer to their steadiness limits due to economic and environmental constraints. Preserving a fixed and secure operation of the power system is hence a very vital and challenging issue.

On daily basis many faults occur on the power grid and steps are to be taken to eliminate/remove this faults as quick as possible. If the fault persists for long it could result in a havoc and loss of huge amount of money, which is unacceptable.

In the traditional distribution network, the systems are designed and controlled autonomously. Hence a fault at a system will have serious problem and need immediate rectification. But, rectification of these problems is very difficult. More due to the increase in prices of fossil fuel which are the main cause for generating electricity. Thus, centralized control and integrating their functions is a crucial problem faced in the traditional distribution network. To overcome these issues, there comes Information and communication Technology (ICT) to integrate all the important elements in a distribution system. This develops an environment at distribution level, which is controlled and integrated called “smart grid” which bring up to the date where the electricity generated is transported, distributed by optimizing the system’s economy and the improving the system’s capability to spring back into shape.

The essential factors causing voltage instability are excessive loading of transmission lines, high transmission line losses, lack of reactive power supply, transmitting power over long distances and presence of non-linear loads. As a result, many approaches have been created to identify critical power system, buses and lines. The largest concern to the electric utility industry is voltage stability.

The improvement of the quality of the energy on the electrical distribution networks becomes today an important stake for the managers of the networks as for the operators of the electrical energy. In normal operation, the quality of the

ABSTRACT: The Power of wireless sensor network technology has provided the capability of developing large scale systems for real time monitoring. The recent years, people were unknown for all kind of natural disaster and calamities. Natural calamities like Earthmovers (earthquake), Heavy rainfall, Flood, Tsunami. This paper describes the evolution of a wireless sensor network system for landslide detection in the particular area. The development of a wireless sensor network (WSN) to detect landslides, which includes design and development of WSN for real time monitoring system. If movements of rocks or soil are observed, the collected data sets are automatically transmitted to a connected server system for further diagnoses. The landslide monitoring system presented in this paper is RF transceiver and provides real-time information about the current state of the monitored slope. Laboratory tests have been conducted to