Ballistics (B5) Literature Review
Evaluation of the possibility of differentiation between various types of ammunition by means of GSR examination with SEM-EDX method (2001)
This paper assesses the use of a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) to analyse gunshot residue (GSR) and determine the type of ammunition used, as well as the gun it was fired from. GSR is the remains of the primer and propellant from the ammunition after a gun is fired. GSR analysis is widely used for a number of issues, such as determining if a suspect has fired a gun, estimating shooting distance, etc. [1]. It cannot usually give detailed information on the type of ammunition used. However, this paper aims to determine how effective SEM-EDX is at differentiating between a six different types of ammunition, fired out of six different pistols. A person will shoot a pistol containing the ammunition, then any residues on their hands will be sampled. The experiment measures the frequency of each class of GSR particle found on each of the six samples. SEM-EDX can analyse both the appearance of the GSR particles, and their chemical components. This is important in cases where pieces of evidence such as bullet casings are unavailable; GSR analysis with SEM-EDX may be able to determine the type of ammunition or gun used. The paper is 14 years old, since then computing and programming has become much more efficient, so the automated aspects of this experiment
An investigation involving a firearm is a specialty of forensic science which focuses on the examination of firearms linked to ballistics. Ballistics is related to finding out the exact flight path of projectiles. Ballistics is the area of study that examines the exact path of the bullet from the moment it leaves the muzzle of the firearm up until it hits the target. During examination many items are collected for evidence including the firearm, bullets, live ammunition, cartridge casings, trace materials such as powder residue, and anything damaged by the projectile. Firearms are often divided into three processes: Internal, External, and Terminal Ballistics. Internal refers to the inside of the firearm; the space of time in which the shooter pulls the trigger, and the when the bullet is exiting. External ballistics is the flight between leaving the muzzle of the firearm, and it striking its target. Terminal ballistics is the impact of ballistics that refers to the examination in which the projectile strikes a target. All firearms leave markings on the cartridge casings once expelled when firing. Ballistic identification and microstamping laws make it possible to link a cartridge recovered to the
Forensic ballistics and firearm investigation begin when the bullets, cartridges, a weapon, or any combination of the above found at a crime scene. With the evidence, a crime laboratory will explore for clues on some things that might cause a suspect or possible to prove that the things were used in the crime. By contrast, the markings on the bullets or cartridges found at the scene with those discharged from the suspect’s weapon, a ballistics expert will typically confirm if the rounds came from a similar weapon. Just the act of cycling a cartridge through the weapon without firing it will leave permanent scratches on the case that is distinctive to the weapon.
Gunpowder single handedly changed the world. What once started as fireworks, would eventually become the greatest aspect of warfare known to man. It was first used by the Chinese, as colorful displays of fire in the sky, but under the rule of the Ming and Ching it became a feared machine of war. Although the effects of gunpowder were mainly positive, there are still some major disadvantages.
Although, the Glock is famous, it still needs the proper ammunition. As indicated in Campbell’s article, I also experienced the difference between poor and quality ammunition as well as reloaded. The quality impacts an officer’s confidence and shooting record. Although the situation was saved due to quality ammunition, hand-loads aren’t incompatible. Certain rules need to be adhered to in order to; function properly, save money, have specific tolerances to avoid overpressure and avoid blow ups.
We also took his clothing and shoes into evidence for testing. During the testing of the clothes we were looking for Primer Residue, which are the particles that come from the gunpowder explosion when the weapon is fired.
A 9mm luger round was discovered immediately after the alert of the victim. Then two 45 GPL CP round were discovered approximately 1 inch apart from each other at 0711. Close-up and medium range pictures were then taken of the bullets. A 9mm Luger was discovered with a red stain on the bullet at 0713 approximately 1.9 feet away from the tree on the scene. A sample was then collected and sent to the lab for testing at 0716. Talking to the officers at the hospital it was found that victim never woke-up and no other evidence was discovered on the scene. A cylindrical piece of metal was found at 0719 and documented and
Have you ever wondered what a blacksmith and munitions maker at a Sugar Plantation in the 1800s was like? At the Levi Jordan Plantation, an excavation revealed a cabin that indicates a resident that worked lead, manufactured lead shot, and possibly other metals. This cabin is now called the “Smith’s Cabin”. At the Plantation, western artifacts used in African cultural context have been found during the excavation. Indications from these artifacts show that although these African and African Americans were no longer in their original cultural context, they still maintained some of their African cultural beliefs. The excavation of the Munition Makers’ cabin revealed information about the Munitions Maker, the purpose of the cabin, and showed findings of animal remains.
(2) Prepare a DA Form 5513-R listing all keys/locks by serial number, location of locks and number of keys to each lock. Maintain a copy of this form in both key depositories (Arms Room keys only).
Do you know what the steps are when it comes to processing firearms evidence? The first step to processing a firearm as evidence is to put gloves on your hands. Then you should take pictures of the gun when you find it at the crime scene. Make sure the picture is as clear as possible because it will be used in the court room. Make sure you included some form of measuring the gun that is in the picture. Next, take the bullets out of the gun and put the bullets in a line. Take a picture of it so the court can see the amount of bullets that was found at the crime scene in each gun. You also need to take pictures of all of the empty bullet shells that you may
When evidence is gathered, different equipment and processes are used to determinate what it means. In 2011, the Federal Bureau of Investigation estimated that 8,583 murder victims, in the United States, died because of a firearm. Forensic scientist can use equipment, such as the Integrated Ballistic Identification System, to find what firearm was used (Bureau). "They used a shotgun loaded with double-O buckshot. Inside the casing for each shot are nine
The victim sustained a gunshot to the abdomen and in the head. After analysing photographs of the crime scene and the bullet entries in the body, the investigators were able to determine the trajectory of the bullet’s path and discovered that for the gunshot to the abdomen the assailant was approximately 2 feet away. After being shot in the abdomen, the victim attempted to distance herself when she fell and the assailant came closer and shot her in the head. The two bullets were retrieved from the body so they could examine the bullet’s tool marks and they discovered that the bullets are a .38 caliber. The bullet’s lands and grooves will later be used to match the bullets to the assailant’s
Firearms that are left behind at a crime scene can be extremely helpful. This evidence includes not only the firearm itself but also the ammunition used in the firearm, componets that make up the firearms, and the residue that comes out when the
In this article called Gun Safety Group Sees Room to Reinforce Existing Law by Michael D. Shear, he talks about a mass shooting that took place at a coomunity college in Oregon. President Obama adressed to the news that he had to ask his staff to pretty much get rid of the governments gun laws to see if it would prevent more massacres. A group called Everytown for Gun Safety says that President Obama could help protect any future gun victims from attackers, by decidimg to change a few laws made by the government that are in the books. John Feinbatt who is the president of Everytown said that, the white house needs to take steps in making schools safer by keeping criminals away from guns. He also said that the Justice Department should make
When working with violent crime scenes, firearms are used quite frequently. The use of firearms can make the collection process much tedious. You have to remember safety first and treat all firearms as if they were loaded. There are many different types of firearms and ammunition out there, they all shoot different and not one firearm will create the same markings on the ammunition. Ballistics is the scientific study of the path of a bullet. A story can be told by the path the bullet takes. It can show where the shooter was standing, whether the shooter was inside or outside, and it can show whether the gunshot wound is self-inflicted or not.
The Bill of Rights has stood for centuries as the ultimate embodiment of the rights of citizens in America, and the right to keep and bear arms is a vital part of the individual rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Gun control, or even a ban, infringes upon this fundamental freedom of America’s constitutional law. Furthermore, the problems being targeted are not problems, and the technology being discredited, ludicrous. Finally, gun control proponents base their arguments on fearful statistics, whereas statistics, in reality, favor less restrictive arms bans.